journal article Oct 01, 2023

Effects of flipped teaching on entrepreneurship professional student’ learning motivation, self-directed learning, and learning outcome

View at Publisher Save 10.30935/cedtech/13649
Abstract
Flipped instruction has garnered significant interest in higher education for its potential to enhance student motivation and self-regulated learning. This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of flipped teaching on motivation and self-directed learning attributes among 106 entrepreneurship students at universities in Taiwan. Students completed pre- and post-intervention surveys measuring intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and facets of self-directed learning. Bayesian paired samples t-tests revealed that flipped instruction significantly increased both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Self-directed learning attributes including internal processes, behavioral approaches, and environmental preferences also improved following the flipped teaching intervention. Additionally, machine learning models were developed to predict students’ final exam scores based on pre-intervention motivation, self-directed learning, and learning expectations. A linear regression model accounted for 59.1% of variance in exam scores, with pre-learning expectations emerging as the strongest positive predictor. However, pre-intervention intrinsic motivation intriguingly showed a negative relationship with predicted exam performance. Overall, this study provides preliminary evidence that flipped instruction can increase student motivation and self-directed learning capabilities. The predictive modeling also suggests complex interactions between attributes in influencing academic achievement. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is recommended to validate the motivational and self-regulatory benefits of flipped teaching for higher education students.<i> </i>
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
61
[1]
Abdullah, M. Y., Hussin, S., & Ismail, K. (2019). Implementation of flipped classroom model and its effectiveness on English speaking performance. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 14(9), 130-147. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJET.V14I09.10348 10.3991/ijet.v14i09.10348
[2]
Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: definition, rationale and a call for research

Lakmal Abeysekera, Phillip Dawson

Higher Education Research & Development 10.1080/07294360.2014.934336
[3]
Abu Saa, A., Al-Emran, M., & Shaalan, K. (2019). Factors affecting students’ performance in higher education: A systematic review of predictive data mining techniques. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 24, 567-598). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-019-09408-7 10.1007/s10758-019-09408-7
[4]
Ahn, I., Patrick, H., Chiu, M. M., & Levesque-Bristol, C. (2019). Measuring teacher practices that support student motivation: Examining the factor structure of the teacher as social context questionnaire using multilevel factor analyses. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 37(6), 743-756. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282918791655 10.1177/0734282918791655
[5]
Akcayir, G., & Akcayir, M. (2018). The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges. Computers and Education, 126, 334-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.021 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.021
[6]
A Critical Review of Research on Student Self-Assessment

Heidi L. Andrade

Frontiers in Education 10.3389/feduc.2019.00087
[7]
Bishop, J., & Verleger, M. (2013). The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. In Proceedings of the 2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--22585 10.18260/1-2--22585
[8]
Brown, S. D., Tramayne, S., Hoxha, D., Telander, K., Fan, X., & Lent, R. W. (2008). Social cognitive predictors of college students’ academic performance and persistence: A meta-analytic path analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72(3), 298-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2007.09.003 10.1016/j.jvb.2007.09.003
[9]
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. The Guilford Press.
[10]
Ceylaner, S. G., & Karakus, F. (2018). Effects of the flipped classroom model on students’ self-directed learning readiness and attitudes towards the English course. English Language Teaching, 11(9), 129-143.
[11]
Cheng, W. (2019). How intrinsic and extrinsic motivations function among college student samples in both Taiwan and the U.S. Educational Psychology, 39(4), 430-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2018.1510116 10.1080/01443410.2018.1510116
[12]
Cheng, Y. H., & Weng, C. W. (2017). Factors influence the digital media teaching of primary school teachers in a flipped class: A Taiwan case study. South African Journal of Education, 37(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v37n1a1293 10.15700/saje.v37n1a1293
[13]
Claver, F., Martínez-Aranda, L. M., Conejero, M., & Gil-Arias, A. (2020). Motivation, discipline, and academic performance in physical education: A holistic approach from achievement goal and self-determination theories. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01808 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01808
[14]
Collins, C. J., Hanges, P. J., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behavior: A meta-analysis. Human Performance, 17(1), 95-117. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327043HUP1701_5 10.1207/s15327043hup1701_5
[15]
Diseth, Å., Mathisen, F. K. S., & Samdal, O. (2020). A comparison of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation among lower and upper secondary school students. Educational Psychology, 40(8), 961-980. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2020.1778640 10.1080/01443410.2020.1778640
[16]
Enughwure, A. A., & Ogbise, M. E. (2020). Application of machine learning methods to predict student performance: A systematic literature review. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 3405-3415.
[17]
Fisher, M., King, J., & Tague, G. (2001). Development of a self-directed learning readiness scale for nursing education. Nurse Education Today, 21(7), 516-525. https://doi.org/10.1054/nedt.2001.0589 10.1054/nedt.2001.0589
[18]
Greene, B. A., Miller, R. B., Crowson, H. M., Duke, B. L., & Akey, K. L. (2004). Predicting high school students’ cognitive engagement and achievement: Contributions of classroom perceptions and motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 29(4), 462-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2004.01.006 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2004.01.006
[19]
Gross, D., Pietri, E. S., Anderson, G., Moyano-Camihort, K., & Graham, M. J. (2015). Increased preclass preparation underlies student outcome improvement in the flipped classroom. CBE Life Sciences Education, 14(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-02-0040 10.1187/cbe.15-02-0040
[20]
Havwini, T., & Wu, Y.-T. (2019). The implementation of flipped classroom in EFL class: A Taiwan case study. Journal of Digital Education, Communication, and Arts, 2(02), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.30871/deca.v2i02.1536 10.30871/deca.v2i02.1536
[21]
Hopkins, C., Ferrell, O. C., Ferrell, L., Hopkins, K., & Merkle, A. C. (2020). Self-efficacy, locus of control and engagement as determinants of grades in a principles of marketing class. Marketing Education Review, 30(4), 236-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/10528008.2020.1837634 10.1080/10528008.2020.1837634
[22]
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

Li‐tze Hu, Peter M. Bentler

Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary... 10.1080/10705519909540118
[23]
Huang, S., & Fang, N. (2013). Predicting student academic performance in an engineering dynamics course: A comparison of four types of predictive mathematical models. Computers and Education, 61(1), 133-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.08.015 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.08.015
[24]
Hwang, G. J., & Chen, P. Y. (2019). Effects of a collective problem-solving promotion-based flipped classroom on students’ learning performances and interactive patterns. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(5), 2513-2528. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1568263 10.1080/10494820.2019.1568263
[25]
Jansen, R. S., van Leeuwen, A., Janssen, J., Jak, S., & Kester, L. (2019). Self-regulated learning partially mediates the effect of self-regulated learning interventions on achievement in higher education: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 28, 100292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100292 10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100292
[26]
Kovacic, Z. J. (2012). Predicting student success by mining enrolment data. Research in Higher Education Journal, 15, 1.
[27]
A self-regulated flipped classroom approach to improving students’ learning performance in a mathematics course

Chiu-Lin Lai, Gwo-Jen Hwang

Computers & Education 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.05.006
[28]
Leatherman, J. L., & Cleveland, L. M. (2020). Student exam performance in flipped classroom sections is similar to that in active learning sections, and satisfaction with the flipped classroom hinges on attitudes toward learning from videos. Journal of Biological Education, 54(3), 328-344. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2019.1575266 10.1080/00219266.2019.1575266
[29]
Lee, J., Park, T., & Davis, R. O. (2022). What affects learner engagement in flipped learning and what predicts its outcomes? British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(2), 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12717 10.1111/bjet.12717
[30]
Lee, Y. H. (2018). Scripting to enhance university students’ critical thinking in flipped learning: Implications of the delayed effect on science reading literacy. Interactive Learning Environments, 26(5), 569-582. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2017.1372483 10.1080/10494820.2017.1372483
[31]
Long, T., Cummins, J., & Waugh, M. (2017). Use of the flipped classroom instructional model in higher education: Instructors’ perspectives. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 29(2), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-016-9119-8 10.1007/s12528-016-9119-8
[32]
Lopes, A. P., & Soares, F. (2018). Perception and performance in a flipped financial mathematics classroom. International Journal of Management Education, 16(1), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2018.01.001 10.1016/j.ijme.2018.01.001
[33]
Martínez-Jiménez, R., & Ruiz-Jiménez, M. C. (2020). Improving students’ satisfaction and learning performance using flipped classroom. International Journal of Management Education, 18(3), 100422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100422 10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100422
[34]
Mohan, D. (2018). Flipped classroom, flipped teaching and flipped learning in the foreign/second language post-secondary classroom. Nouvelle Revue Synergies Canada [New Synergies Canada Magazine], 11. https://doi.org/10.21083/nrsc.v0i11.4016 10.21083/nrsc.v0i11.4016
[35]
The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review

Jacqueline O'Flaherty, Craig Phillips

The Internet and Higher Education 10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.002
[36]
Obschonka, M., Moeller, J., & Goethner, M. (2019). Entrepreneurial passion and personality: The case of academic entrepreneurship. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02697 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02697
[37]
Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1991). A manual for the use of the learning questionnaire motivated strategies for (MSLQ). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED338122
[38]
Price, C., & Walker, M. (2021). Improving the accessibility of foundation statistics for undergraduate business and management students using a flipped classroom. Studies in Higher Education, 46(2), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1628204 10.1080/03075079.2019.1628204
[39]
Rasheed, R. A., Kamsin, A., Abdullah, N. A., Kakudi, H. A., Ali, A. S., Musa, A. S., & Yahaya, A. S. (2020). Self-regulated learning in flipped classrooms: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10(11), 848-853. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.11.1469 10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.11.1469
[40]
Rastrollo-Guerrero, J. L., Gómez-Pulido, J. A., & Durán-Domínguez, A. (2020). Analyzing and predicting students’ performance by means of machine learning: A review. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10(3), 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10031042 10.3390/app10031042
[41]
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions

Richard M. Ryan, Edward L. Deci

Contemporary Educational Psychology 10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
[42]
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions

Richard M. Ryan, Edward L. Deci

Contemporary Educational Psychology 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860
[43]
Sadiq, N., & Ali, S. (2020). Enhancement of students learning outcome by supplementing Self-directed learning with video clipping. The Professional Medical Journal, 27(07), 1358-1362. https://doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.07.3661 10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.07.3661
[44]
Santos, A. I., & Serpa, S. (2020). Flipped classroom for an active learning. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 7(2), 167-179. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2020.72.167.173 10.20448/journal.509.2020.72.167.173
[45]
Schiller, N. A., & Herreid, C. F. (2013). Case studies and the flipped learning. Journal of College Science Teaching, 42(5), 62-66.
[46]
Serin, H. (2018). The use of extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to enhance student achievement in educational settings. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 5(1), 191-194. https://doi.org/10.23918/ijsses.v5i1p191 10.23918/ijsses.v5i1p191
[47]
Shin, M., & Bolkan, S. (2021). Intellectually stimulating students’ intrinsic motivation: The mediating influence of student engagement, self-efficacy, and student academic support. Communication Education, 70(2), 146-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2020.1828959 10.1080/03634523.2020.1828959
[48]
Sohrabi, B., & Iraj, H. (2016). Implementing flipped classroom using digital media: A comparison of two demographically different groups perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior, 60, 514-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.056 10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.056
[49]
Steen-Utheim, A. T., & Foldnes, N. (2018). A qualitative investigation of student engagement in a flipped classroom. Teaching in Higher Education, 23(3), 307-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2017.1379481 10.1080/13562517.2017.1379481
[50]
Steinmayr, R., Weidinger, A. F., Schwinger, M., & Spinath, B. (2019). The importance of students’ motivation for their academic achievement-replicating and extending previous findings. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01730 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01730

Showing 50 of 61 references

Metrics
10
Citations
61
References
Details
Published
Oct 01, 2023
Vol/Issue
15(4)
Pages
ep472
Cite This Article
Hsin-Ming Hsieh, Alex Maritz (2023). Effects of flipped teaching on entrepreneurship professional student’ learning motivation, self-directed learning, and learning outcome. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(4), ep472. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/13649