Management of keratoconus: an updated review

Rashmi Deshmukh; Zun Zheng Ong; Radhika Rampat; Jorge L. Alió del Barrio; Ankur Barua; Marcus Ang; Jodhbir S. Mehta; Dalia G. Said; Harminder S. Dua; Renato Ambrósio; Darren Shu Jeng Ting

doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1212314

journal article Open Access Jun 20, 2023

Management of keratoconus: an updated review

Rashmi Deshmukh Zun Zheng Ong Radhika Rampat Jorge L. Alió del Barrio Ankur Barua Marcus Ang

Jodhbir S. Mehta Dalia G. Said Harminder S. Dua Renato Ambrósio Darren Shu Jeng Ting

Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 10 · Frontiers Media SA

View at Publisher Save 10.3389/fmed.2023.1212314

Abstract

Keratoconus is the most common corneal ectatic disorder. It is characterized by progressive corneal thinning with resultant irregular astigmatism and myopia. Its prevalence has been estimated at 1:375 to 1:2,000 people globally, with a considerably higher rate in the younger populations. Over the past two decades, there was a paradigm shift in the management of keratoconus. The treatment has expanded significantly from conservative management (e.g., spectacles and contact lenses wear) and penetrating keratoplasty to many other therapeutic and refractive modalities, including corneal cross-linking (with various protocols/techniques), combined CXL-keratorefractive surgeries, intracorneal ring segments, anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and more recently, Bowman’s layer transplantation, stromal keratophakia, and stromal regeneration. Several recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified important genetic mutations relevant to keratoconus, facilitating the development of potential gene therapy targeting keratoconus and halting the disease progression. In addition, attempts have been made to leverage the power of artificial intelligence-assisted algorithms in enabling earlier detection and progression prediction in keratoconus. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging treatment of keratoconus and propose a treatment algorithm for systematically guiding the management of this common clinical entity.

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Details

Published: Jun 20, 2023
Vol/Issue: 10
License: View

Authors

Jorge L. Alió del Barrio

Funding

Medical Research Council

Cite This Article

Rashmi Deshmukh, Zun Zheng Ong, Radhika Rampat, et al. (2023). Management of keratoconus: an updated review. Frontiers in Medicine, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1212314

Management of keratoconus: an updated review

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