journal article
Open Access
Jul 01, 2025
Parameter Extraction of Photovoltaic Cells and Panels Using a PID-Based Metaheuristic Algorithm
Abstract
In the world of solar technology, precisely extracting photovoltaic cell and panel parameters is key to efficient energy production. This paper presents a new metaheuristic algorithm for extracting parameters from photovoltaic cells using the functionality of the PID-based search algorithm (PSA). The research includes single-diode (SDM) and double-diode (DDM) models applied to RTC France, amorphous silicon (aSi), monocrystalline silicon (mSi), PVM 752 GaAs, and STM6-40 panels. Datasets from multijunction solar cells at three temperatures (41.5 °C, 51.3 °C, and 61.6 °C) were used. PSA performance was assessed using root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), and absolute error (AE). A strategy was introduced by refining PID parameters and relocating error calculations outside the main loop to enhance exploration and exploitation. A Lévy flight-based zero-output mechanism was integrated, enabling shorter extraction times and requiring a smaller population, while enhancing search diversity and mitigating local optima entrapment. PSA was compared against 26 top-performing algorithms. RTC France showed RMSE improvements of 0.67–2.10% in 3.35 s, while for the mSi model, PSA achieved up to 40.9% improvement in 5.57 s and 22.18% for PVM 752 in 8.52 s. PSA’s accuracy and efficiency make it a valuable tool for advancing renewable energy technologies.
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Details
- Published
- Jul 01, 2025
- Vol/Issue
- 15(13)
- Pages
- 7403
- License
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Authors
Cite This Article
Aseel Bennagi, Obaida AlHousrya, Daniel T. Cotfas, et al. (2025). Parameter Extraction of Photovoltaic Cells and Panels Using a PID-Based Metaheuristic Algorithm. Applied Sciences, 15(13), 7403. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137403
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