Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Springback Characteristics in DP450, DP600, DP800, and DP1000 Dual-Phase Steels for Automotive Industry

Berna Tunalı; Mehmet Erdem

doi:10.3390/app16073259

journal article Open Access Mar 27, 2026

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Springback Characteristics in DP450, DP600, DP800, and DP1000 Dual-Phase Steels for Automotive Industry

Berna Tunalı

Mehmet Erdem

Applied Sciences Vol. 16 No. 7 pp. 3259 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/app16073259

Abstract

In the automotive industry, the most critical factor affecting dimensional stability during the forming of Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSSs) is the springback phenomenon. This study systematically investigates the springback behavior of four distinct dual-phase steel grades (DP450, DP600, DP800, and DP1000) in U-shaped body-in-white (BIW) structures across 180 distinct scenarios. The experimental design varied sheet thicknesses (1.2, 1.6, 2 mm), die clearance angles (5°, 10°, 15°), and bending radii (R6, R8, R10, R12, R14). Numerical simulations using Autoform R8 were validated against Atos 3D optical scanning data, achieving values exceeding 0.90 for all grades. Quantitative validation metrics showed exceptional fidelity for lower-strength grades with error margins below 1.1%, while the maximum deviation was limited to 3.1% for the ultra-high-strength DP1000 grade. The findings demonstrate that while increasing material strength substantially intensifies springback, the strategic augmentation of sheet thickness and optimization of die radius effectively mitigate these deviations, thereby enhancing process stability.

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Published: Mar 27, 2026
Vol/Issue: 16(7)
Pages: 3259
License: View

Authors

B

Berna Tunalı

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43020, Turkey

M

Mehmet Erdem

Kütahya Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43020, Turkey

Cite This Article

Berna Tunalı, Mehmet Erdem (2026). Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Springback Characteristics in DP450, DP600, DP800, and DP1000 Dual-Phase Steels for Automotive Industry. Applied Sciences, 16(7), 3259. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16073259

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Springback Characteristics in DP450, DP600, DP800, and DP1000 Dual-Phase Steels for Automotive Industry

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