Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Low Resource Settings: Present Status and Future Role of Microfluidics

Shikha Sharma; Julia Zapatero-Rodríguez; Pedro Estrela; Richard O'Kennedy

doi:10.3390/bios5030577

journal article Open Access Aug 13, 2015

Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Low Resource Settings: Present Status and Future Role of Microfluidics

Shikha Sharma

Julia Zapatero-Rodríguez Pedro Estrela

Richard O'Kennedy

Biosensors Vol. 5 No. 3 pp. 577-601 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/bios5030577

Abstract

The inability to diagnose numerous diseases rapidly is a significant cause of the disparity of deaths resulting from both communicable and non-communicable diseases in the developing world in comparison to the developed world. Existing diagnostic instrumentation usually requires sophisticated infrastructure, stable electrical power, expensive reagents, long assay times, and highly trained personnel which is not often available in limited resource settings. This review will critically survey and analyse the current lateral flow-based point-of-care (POC) technologies, which have made a major impact on diagnostic testing in developing countries over the last 50 years. The future of POC technologies including the applications of microfluidics, which allows miniaturisation and integration of complex functions that facilitate their usage in limited resource settings, is discussed The advantages offered by such systems, including low cost, ruggedness and the capacity to generate accurate and reliable results rapidly, are well suited to the clinical and social settings of the developing world.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

54

[1]

Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases. Available online: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf.

[2]

Maher, D., Ford, N., Unwin, N., and Frontières, M.S. (2012). Priorities for developing countries in the global response to non-communicable diseases. Glob. Health, 8. 10.1186/1744-8603-8-14

[3]

McNerney "Towards a point-of-care test for active tuberculosis: Obstacles and opportunities" Nat. Rev. Microbiol. (2011) 10.1038/nrmicro2521

[4]

Requirements for high impact diagnostics in the developing world

Mickey Urdea, Laura A. Penny, Stuart S. Olmsted et al.

Nature 2006 10.1038/nature05448

[5]

Point-of-care tests for diagnosing infections in the developing world

R.W. Peeling, D. Mabey

Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2010 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03279.x

[6]

Point-Of-Care Diagnostics/Testing Market by Products (Glucose Monitoring & Infectious Diseases Testing Kits, Cardiac & Tumor Markers), by End Users (Self & Professional Monitoring), Over the Counter & Prescription Based-Global Forecast to 2018. Available online: http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/point-of-care-diagnostic-market-106829185.html.

[7]

Commercialization of microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices

Curtis D. Chin, Vincent Linder, Samuel K. Sia

Lab on a Chip 2012 10.1039/c2lc21204h

[8]

Worldometers. Available online: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/.

[9]

Jamison, D.T., Breman, J.G., Measham, A.R., Alleyne, G., Claeson, M., Evans, D.B., Jha, P., Mils, A., and Musgrove, P. (2006). Priorities in Health, World Bank. 10.1596/978-0-8213-6260-0

[10]

Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jané-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl, A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., and Pandya, A. (2011). The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Economic Forum.

[11]

The Emerging Crisis: Noncommunicable Diseases. Available online: http://www.cfr.org/diseases-noncommunicable/NCDs-interactive/p33802?cid=otr-marketing_use-NCDs_interactive/#!/.

[12]

Diagnostic point-of-care tests in resource-limited settings

Paul K Drain, Emily P Hyle, Farzad Noubary et al.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2014 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70250-0

[13]

Price "Existing and emerging technologies for point-of-care testing" Clin. Biochem. Rev. (2014)

[14]

Singer "The latex fixation test: I. Application to the serologic diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis" Am. J. Med. (1956) 10.1016/0002-9343(56)90103-6

[15]

Learmonth "Assessing Proficiency of Interpretation of Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Assays in Nonlaboratory Settings: Ensuring Quality of Testing" J. Clin. Microbiol. (2008) 10.1128/jcm.01761-07

[16]

Wild, D. (2013). The Immunoassay Handbook: Theory and Applications of Ligand Binding, ELISA and Related Techniques, Newnes. [4th ed.].

[17]

Korf "Lateral flow (immuno) assay: Its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A literature survey" Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (2009) 10.1007/s00216-008-2287-2

[18]

McPartlin "Point-of-care diagnostics, a major opportunity for change in traditional diagnostic approaches: Potential and limitations" Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. (2014) 10.1586/14737159.2014.960516

[19]

UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2012. Available online: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/JC2434_WorldAIDSday_results_en_1.pdf.

[20]

Kozel "CrAg lateral flow assay for cryptococcosis" Expert Opin. Med. Diagn. (2012) 10.1517/17530059.2012.681300

[21]

Malaria Diagnosis: A Brief Review

Noppadon Tangpukdee, Chatnapa Duangdee, Polrat Wilairatana et al.

The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2009 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.93

[22]

Derhaschnig "Evaluation of coagulation markers for early diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes in the emergency room" Clin. Chem. (2002) 10.1093/clinchem/48.11.1924

[23]

McCord "Ninety-minute exclusion of acute myocardial infarction by use of quantitative point-of-care testing of myoglobin and troponin I" Circulation (2001) 10.1161/hc3801.096336

[24]

Sajid, M., Kawde, A.N., and Daud, M. (2014). Designs, formats and applications of lateral flow assay: A literature review. J. Saudi Chem. Soc., in press. 10.1016/j.jscs.2014.09.001

[25]

Chen "Replacing antibodies with aptamers in lateral flow immunoassay" Biosens. Bioelectron. (2015) 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.041

[26]

Bazin "Rapid visual tests: Fast and reliable detection of ochratoxin A" Toxins (2010) 10.3390/toxins2092230

[27]

Shen "Signal enhancement in a lateral flow immunoassay based on dual gold nanoparticle conjugates" Clin. Biochem. (2013) 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.010

[28]

Xu "Development of lateral flow immunoassay system based on superparamagnetic nanobeads as labels for rapid quantitative detection of cardiac troponin I" Mater. Sci. Eng. C (2009) 10.1016/j.msec.2009.01.009

[29]

Berlina "Quantum dot-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of chloramphenicol in milk" Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (2013) 10.1007/s00216-013-6876-3

[30]

Juntunen "Performance of fluorescent europium (III) nanoparticles and colloidal gold reporters in lateral flow bioaffinity assay" Anal. Biochem. (2012) 10.1016/j.ab.2012.06.005

[31]

Xu "Fluorescent probe-based lateral flow assay for multiplex nucleic acid detection" Anal. Chem. (2014) 10.1021/ac5010458

[32]

Rohrman, B.A., Leautaud, V., Molyneux, E., and Richards-Kortum, R.R. (2012). A lateral flow assay for quantitative detection of amplified HIV-1 RNA. PLoS ONE, 7. 10.1371/journal.pone.0045611

[33]

Nagatani "Detection of influenza virus using a lateral flow immunoassay for amplified DNA by a microfluidic RT-PCR chip" Analyst (2012) 10.1039/c2an16294f

[34]

Novak "Diagnostic tools and technologies for infectious and non-communicable diseases in low-and-middle-income countries" Health Technol. (2013) 10.1007/s12553-013-0060-9

[35]

Yager "Microfluidic diagnostic technologies for global public health" Nature (2006) 10.1038/nature05064

[36]

Perkel "Microfluidics, macro-impacts" Biotechniques (2012) 10.2144/000113816

[37]

Pollock "A paper-based multiplexed transaminase test for low-cost, point-of-care liver function testing" Sci. Transl. Med. (2012) 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003981

[38]

Hugo "A centrifugal microfluidic platform for point-of-care diagnostic applications" South Afr. J. Sci. (2014) 10.1590/sajs.2014/20130091

[39]

Taylor, B.J., Howell, A., Martin, K.A., Manage, D.P., Gordy, W., Campbell, S.D., Lam, S., Jin, A., Polley, S.D., and Samuel, R.A. (2014). A lab-on-chip for malaria diagnosis and surveillance. Malar. J., 13. 10.1186/1475-2875-13-179

[40]

Jing "Microfluidic Platform for Direct Capture and Analysis of Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis" Anal. Chem. (2014) 10.1021/ac500578h

[41]

Agrawal "Multiplexed detection of waterborne pathogens in circular microfluidics" Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. (2012) 10.1007/s12010-012-9597-8

[42]

Larson, B., Schnippel, K., Ndibongo, B., Long, L., Fox, M.P., and Rosen, S. (2012). How to estimate the cost of point-of-care CD4 testing in program settings: An example using the Alere Pima Analyzer in South Africa. PLoS One, 7. 10.1371/journal.pone.0035444

[43]

Mnyani "The reliability of point-of-care CD4 testing in identifying HIV-infected pregnant women eligible for antiretroviral therapy" JAIDS J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. (2012) 10.1097/qai.0b013e318256b651

[44]

Owen "Liver function testing on the Abaxis Piccolo Xpress: Use in Ebola virus disease protocols" Clin. Chim. Acta (2015) 10.1016/j.cca.2015.03.044

[45]

Laksanasopin, T., Guo, T.W., Nayak, S., Sridhara, A.A., Xie, S., Olowookere, O.O., Cadinu, P., Meng, F., Chee, N.H., and Kim, J. (2015). A smartphone dongle for diagnosis of infectious diseases at the point of care. Sci. Transl. Med., 7. 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa0056

[46]

Scott "Laboratory Evaluation of the Liat HIV Quant (IQuum) Whole-Blood and Plasma HIV-1 Viral Load Assays for Point-of-Care Testing in South Africa" J. Clin. Microbiol. (2015) 10.1128/jcm.03325-14

[47]

Weigl "Towards non-and minimally instrumented, microfluidics-based diagnostic devices" Lab Chip (2008) 10.1039/b811314a

[48]

Dimov "Stand-alone self-powered integrated microfluidic blood analysis system (SIMBAS)" Lab Chip (2011) 10.1039/c0lc00403k

[49]

Lee "Microfluidic mixing: A review" Int. J. Mol. Sci. (2011) 10.3390/ijms12053263

[50]

Nwankire, C., Gorkin, R., Siegrist, J., Gaughran, J., Chan, D.S., and Ducrée, J. (2011, January 2–6). Full integration and automation of immunoassay protocols by rotationally actuated dissolvable film valves. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.

Showing 50 of 54 references

Cited By

300

Aqueous two-phase systems as multipurpose tools to improve biomarker analysis

Maria S.M. Mendes, Marguerita E. Rosa · 2023

Separation and Purification Technol...

Metrics

300

Citations

54

References

Details

Published: Aug 13, 2015
Vol/Issue: 5(3)
Pages: 577-601
License: View

Authors

S

Shikha Sharma

Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

J

Julia Zapatero-Rodríguez

Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

P

Pedro Estrela

Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK

R

Richard O'Kennedy

Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

Funding

Seventh Framework Programme Award: 317420

Cite This Article

Shikha Sharma, Julia Zapatero-Rodríguez, Pedro Estrela, et al. (2015). Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Low Resource Settings: Present Status and Future Role of Microfluidics. Biosensors, 5(3), 577-601. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios5030577

Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Low Resource Settings: Present Status and Future Role of Microfluidics

You May Also Like