Cilia Distal Domain: Diversity in Evolutionarily Conserved Structures

Helena Soares; Bruno Carmona; Sofia Nolasco; Luís Viseu Melo; Joao Goncalves

doi:10.3390/cells8020160

journal article Open Access Feb 14, 2019

Cilia Distal Domain: Diversity in Evolutionarily Conserved Structures

Helena Soares

Bruno Carmona

Sofia Nolasco

Luís Viseu Melo Joao Goncalves

Cells Vol. 8 No. 2 pp. 160 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/cells8020160

Abstract

Eukaryotic cilia are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the cell surface to fulfill sensory and motility functions. Their basic structure consists of an axoneme templated by a centriole/basal body. Striking differences in ciliary ultra-structures can be found at the ciliary base, the axoneme and the tip, not only throughout the eukaryotic tree of life, but within a single organism. Defects in cilia biogenesis and function are at the origin of human ciliopathies. This structural/functional diversity and its relationship with the etiology of these diseases is poorly understood. Some of the important events in cilia function occur at their distal domain, including cilia assembly/disassembly, IFT (intraflagellar transport) complexes’ remodeling, and signal detection/transduction. How axonemal microtubules end at this domain varies with distinct cilia types, originating different tip architectures. Additionally, they show a high degree of dynamic behavior and are able to respond to different stimuli. The existence of microtubule-capping structures (caps) in certain types of cilia contributes to this diversity. It has been proposed that caps play a role in axoneme length control and stabilization, but their roles are still poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge on cilia structure diversity with a focus on the cilia distal domain and caps and discuss how they affect cilia structure and function.

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Details

Published: Feb 14, 2019
Vol/Issue: 8(2)
Pages: 160
License: View

Authors

H

Helena Soares

Center for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Health Technology College of Lisbon (ESTeSL)—Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal

B

Bruno Carmona

Center for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Health Technology College of Lisbon (ESTeSL)—Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal

S

Sofia Nolasco

Health Technology College of Lisbon (ESTeSL)—Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; CIISA-Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-666 Lisbon, Portugal

L

Luís Viseu Melo

Physics Department and CEFEMA, IST, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

J

Joao Goncalves

Deep Genomics, MaRS Centre, 661 University Ave, Suite 480, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Award: UID/Multi/00612/2013

Cite This Article

Helena Soares, Bruno Carmona, Sofia Nolasco, et al. (2019). Cilia Distal Domain: Diversity in Evolutionarily Conserved Structures. Cells, 8(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8020160

Cilia Distal Domain: Diversity in Evolutionarily Conserved Structures

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