Significance of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Characteristics of Mg-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications

Sachin Kumar Sharma; Kuldeep Kumar Saxena; Vinayak Malik; Kahtan A. Mohammed; Chander Prakash; Dharam Buddhi; Saurav Dixit

doi:10.3390/cryst12081138

journal article Open Access Aug 12, 2022

Significance of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Characteristics of Mg-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications

Sachin Kumar Sharma

Kuldeep Kumar Saxena Vinayak Malik

Kahtan A. Mohammed Chander Prakash Dharam Buddhi

Saurav Dixit

Crystals Vol. 12 No. 8 pp. 1138 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/cryst12081138

Abstract

Magnesium alloys are widely employed in various applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and superior mechanical properties as compared to unalloyed Magnesium. Alloying is considered an important way to enhance the strength of the metal matrix composite but it significantly influences the damping property of pure magnesium, while controlling the rate of corrosion for Mg-based material remains critical in the biological environment. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce the magnesium alloy with a suitable alloying element that improves the mechanical characteristics and resistance to corrosion of Mg-based material. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, lower stress shielding effect, bio-activeness, and non-toxicity are the important parameters for biomedical applications other than mechanical and corrosion properties. The development of various surface modifications is also considered a suitable approach to control the degradation rate of Mg-based materials, making lightweight Mg-based materials highly suitable for biomedical implants. This review article discusses the various binary and ternary Mg alloys, which are mostly composed of Al, Ca, Zn, Mn, and rare earth (RE) elements as well as various non-toxic elements which are Si, Bi, Ag, Ca, Zr, Zn, Mn, Sr, Li, Sn, etc. The effects of these alloying elements on the microstructure, the mechanical characteristics, and the corrosion properties of Mg-based materials were analyzed. The mechanical and corrosion behavior of Mg-based materials depends upon the percentage of elements and the number of alloying elements used in Mg. The outcomes suggested that ZEK100, WE43, and EW62 (Mg-6% Nd-2% Y-0.5% Zr) alloys are effectively used for biomedical applications, having preferable biodegradable, biocompatible, bioactive implant materials with a lower corrosion rate.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

148

[1]

Singh, H., Singh, S., and Prakash, C. (2019). Current trends in biomaterials and bio-manufacturing. Biomanufacturing, Springer. 10.1007/978-3-030-13951-3_1

[2]

Singh "Plasma spray deposition of HA-TiO2 on β-phase Ti-35Nb-7Ta-5Zr alloy for hip stem: Characterization of bio-mechanical properties, wettability, and wear resistance" J. Bionic Eng. (2020) 10.1007/s42235-020-0081-9

[3]

Prakash "Electric discharge machining–A potential choice for surface modification of metallic implants for orthopedic applications: A review" Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B J. Eng. Manuf. (2016) 10.1177/0954405415579113

[4]

Prakash, C., Singh, S., Gupta, M.K., Mia, M., Królczyk, G., and Khanna, N. (2018). Synthesis, characterization, corrosion resistance and in-vitro bioactivity behavior of biodegradable Mg–Zn–Mn–(Si–HA) composite for orthopaedic applications. Materials, 11. 10.3390/ma11091602

[5]

Arora, G.S., Saxena, K.K., Mohammed, K.A., Prakash, C., and Dixit, S. (2022). Manufacturing Techniques for Mg-Based Metal Matrix Composite with Different Reinforcements. Crystals, 12. 10.3390/cryst12070945

[6]

Prakash "Bio-inspired low elastic biodegradable Mg-Zn-Mn-Si-HA alloy fabricated by spark plasma sintering" Mater. Manuf. Processes (2019) 10.1080/10426914.2018.1512117

[7]

Singh "August. Fabrication of biodegradable low elastic porous Mg-Zn-Mn-HA alloy by spark plasma sintering for orthopaedic applications" IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (2017) 10.1088/1757-899x/225/1/012050

[8]

Prakash "Synthesis and characterization of Mg-Zn-Mn-HA composite by spark plasma sintering process for orthopedic applications" Vacuum (2018) 10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.06.063

[9]

Sharma "Micro Forming and its Applications: An Overview" Key Eng. Mater. (2022) 10.4028/p-3u80qc

[10]

Sharma "The effect of reinforcements on the mechanical properties of AZ31 composites prepared by powder metallurgy: An overview" Mater. Today Proc. (2022) 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.639

[11]

Dutta "Recent developments in magnesium metal–matrix composites for biomedical applications: A Review" ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. (2020) 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00678

[12]

Huynh "Surface activation and pretreatments for biocompatible metals and alloys used in biomedical applications" Int. J. Biomater. (2019) 10.1155/2019/3806504

[13]

Zheng "Biodegradable metals" Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep. (2014) 10.1016/j.mser.2014.01.001

[14]

Li "Preparation and corrosion resistance studies of zirconia coating on fluorinated AZ91D magnesium alloy" Prog. Org. Coat. (2008) 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.06.004

[15]

Rojaee "Controlling the degradation rate of AZ91 magnesium alloy via sol–gel derived nanostructured hydroxyapatite coating" Mater. Sci. Eng. C (2013) 10.1016/j.msec.2013.05.014

[16]

Bommala "Magnesium matrix composites for biomedical applications: A review" J. Magnes. Alloy. (2019) 10.1016/j.jma.2018.11.001

[17]

Pal "A critical review on multifunctional smart materials ‘nanographene’emerging avenue: Nano-imaging and biosensor applications" Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. (2021)

[18]

Panda "Smart advancements of key challenges in graphene-assembly glucose sensor technologies: A mini review" Mater. Lett. (2021) 10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130508

[19]

Aljabali "Innovative Applications of Plant Viruses in Drug Targeting and Molecular Imaging-A Review" Curr. Med. Imaging (2021) 10.2174/1573405616666201007160243

[20]

Santhosh, S.K., Sarojini, S., and Umesh, M. (2021). Anti-Biofilm Activities of Nanocomposites Current Scopes and Limitations. Bio-manufactured Nanomaterials, Springer. 10.1007/978-3-030-67223-2_5

[21]

Jayasathyakawin "Magnesium matrix composite for biomedical applications through powder metallurgy–Review" Mater. Today Proc. (2020) 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.003

[22]

Kabir "Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives" Bioact. Mater. (2021)

[23]

Hussein "Processing and in vitro Corrosion Analysis of Sustainable and Economical Eggshell Reinforced Mg and Mg-Zr Matrix Composite for Biomedical Applications" Mater. Today Commun. (2022) 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103944

[24]

Asiya "Sustainable preparation of gold nanoparticles via green chemistry approach for biogenic applications" Mater. Today Chem. (2020) 10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100327

[25]

Singh "On investigating the soda-lime shot blasting of AZ31 alloy: Effects on surface roughness, material removal rate, corrosion resistance, and bioactivity" J. Magnes. Alloy. (2021) 10.1016/j.jma.2020.11.017

[26]

Prakash "Characterization of indigenously coated biodegradable magnesium alloy primed through novel additive manufacturing assisted investment casting" Mater. Lett. (2020) 10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128137

[27]

Bauer "Converting nanocrystalline metals into alloys and intermetallic compounds for applications in catalysis" J. Mater. Chem. (2008) 10.1039/b712035d

[28]

Karunakaran "Additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys" Bioact. Mater. (2020)

[29]

Chen "Improvement of corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys for biomedical applications" Corros. Rev. (2015) 10.1515/corrrev-2015-0007

[30]

Singh "Beryllium—The Extraordinary Metal" Miner. Processing Extr. Metullargy Rev. (1994) 10.1080/08827509408914110

[31]

Witte "Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion" Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. (2008) 10.1016/j.cossms.2009.04.001

[32]

Chawla, K.K. (2012). Metal matrix composites. Composite Materials, Springer. 10.1007/978-1-4614-9548-2

[33]

Chen "Metallic implant biomaterials" Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep. (2015) 10.1016/j.mser.2014.10.001

[34]

Wan "Preparation and characterization of a new biomedical magnesium–calcium alloy" Mater. Des. (2008) 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.04.017

[35]

Moustafa "Effect of solution heat treatment and additives on the microstructure of Al-Si (A413. 1) automotive alloys" J. Mater. Sci. (2003) 10.1023/a:1027333602276

[36]

Dahle "Development of the as-cast microstructure in magnesium–aluminium alloys" J. Light Met. (2001) 10.1016/s1471-5317(00)00007-9

[37]

Rosliza "The effect of inhibitor on the corrosion of aluminum alloys in acidic solutions" Mater. Chem. Phys. (2008) 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.07.013

[38]

Xu "Stress corrosion cracking resistant nanostructured Al-Mg alloy with low angle grain boundaries" Acta Mater. (2022) 10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117607

[39]

Yan "Influence of hybrid extrusion and solution treatment on the microstructure and degradation behavior of Mg-0.1 Cu alloy" Mater. Sci. Eng. B (2018) 10.1016/j.mseb.2017.12.033

[40]

Ghali "General and localized corrosion of magnesium alloys: A critical review" J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2004) 10.1361/10599490417533

[41]

Ardakani "The effects of alloying with Cu and Mn and thermal treatments on the mechanical instability of Zn-0.05 Mg alloy" Mater. Sci. Eng. A (2020) 10.1016/j.msea.2019.138529

[42]

Idris "Mechanical and bio-corrosion properties of quaternary Mg-Ca-Mn-Zn alloys compared with binary Mg-Ca alloys" Mater. Des. (2014) 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.06.055

[43]

Lin "Direct and simultaneous determination of copper, chromium, aluminum, and manganese in urine with a multielement graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer" Anal. Chem. (2001) 10.1021/ac010319h

[44]

Milovanovic "Bone tissue aging affects mineralization of cement lines" Bone (2018) 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.004

[45]

Palacios "The role of nutrients in bone health, from A to Z" Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. (2006) 10.1080/10408390500466174

[46]

Sharma "Influence of SiC on the mechanical properties of aluminum-based metal-matrix composites obtained by stir casting" Met. Sci. Heat Treatment of Metals (2022)

[47]

Ungureanu "Arsenic and antimony in water and wastewater: Overview of removal techniques with special reference to latest advances in adsorption" J. Environ. Manag. (2015) 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.051

[48]

Deng "Corrosion and discharge properties of Ca/Ge micro-alloyed Mg anodes for primary aqueous Mg batteries" Corros. Sci. (2020) 10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108958

[49]

Zheng "Metal-organic frameworks incorporated polycaprolactone film for enhanced corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Mg Alloy" ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. (2019) 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05196

[50]

Witte "Biodegradable magnesium hydroxyapatite metal matrix composites" Biomaterials (2007) 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.12.027

Showing 50 of 148 references

Cited By

114

Magnesium alloys for next-generation engineering: Properties, applications, and machining challenges from macro to micro scales

Ali Ercetin, Oguzhan Der · 2026

Progress in Engineering Science

A review on WE43-metallic glass composites produced by friction stir processing: A new path towards biocompatible materials

Touseef Khan, Koki Toyama · 2026

Journal of Materials Research and T...

Recent research advances on corrosion mechanism and protection, and novel coating materials of magnesium alloys: a review

Liangyu Wei, Ziyuan Gao · 2023

RSC Advances

Metrics

114

Citations

148

References

Details

Published: Aug 12, 2022
Vol/Issue: 12(8)
Pages: 1138
License: View

Authors

S

Sachin Kumar Sharma

Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India

K

Kuldeep Kumar Saxena

Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India

V

Vinayak Malik

Department of Mechanical Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belagavi 590008, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvevaraya Technological University, Belagavi 590018, India

K

Kahtan A. Mohammed

Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon 51002, Iraq

C

Chander Prakash

School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, India; Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, India

D

Dharam Buddhi

Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Uttarakhand 248007, Dehradun, India

S

Saurav Dixit

Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Uttarakhand 248007, Dehradun, India; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia

Funding

Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation Award: 075-15-2021-1333

Cite This Article

Sachin Kumar Sharma, Kuldeep Kumar Saxena, Vinayak Malik, et al. (2022). Significance of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Characteristics of Mg-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications. Crystals, 12(8), 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081138

Significance of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Characteristics of Mg-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications

You May Also Like