The Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio as a Risk Marker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease

Constantine E. Kosmas; Shanna Rodriguez Polanco; Maria D. Bousvarou; Evangelia J. Papakonstantinou; Edilberto Peña Genao; Eliscer Guzman; Christina E. Kostara

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13050929

journal article Open Access Mar 01, 2023

The Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio as a Risk Marker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease

Constantine E. Kosmas Shanna Rodriguez Polanco

Maria D. Bousvarou Evangelia J. Papakonstantinou Edilberto Peña Genao Eliscer Guzman Christina E. Kostara

Diagnostics Vol. 13 No. 5 pp. 929 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/diagnostics13050929

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is an immunoinflammatory pathological procedure in which lipid plaques are formed in the vessel walls, partially or completely occluding the lumen, and is accountable for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). ACSVD consists of three components: coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral vascular disease (PAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). A disturbed lipid metabolism and the subsequent dyslipidemia significantly contribute to the formation of plaques, with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) being the main responsible factor. Nonetheless, even when LDL-C is well regulated, mainly with statin therapy, a residual risk for CVD still occurs, and it is attributable to the disturbances of other lipid components, namely triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Increased plasma TG and decreased HDL-C levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CVD, and their ratio, TG/HDL-C, has been proposed as a novel biomarker for predicting the risk of both clinical entities. Under these terms, this review will present and discuss the current scientific and clinical data linking the TG/HDL-C ratio with the presence of MetS and CVD, including CAD, PAD and CCVD, in an effort to prove the value of the TG/HDL-C ratio as a valuable predictor for each aspect of CVD.

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Details

Published: Mar 01, 2023
Vol/Issue: 13(5)
Pages: 929
License: View

Authors

C

Constantine E. Kosmas

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY 10033, USA

S

Shanna Rodriguez Polanco

Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY 10033, USA

M

Maria D. Bousvarou

School of Medicine, University of Crete, 710 03 Heraklion, Greece

E

Evangelia J. Papakonstantinou

General Directorate of Public Health and Social Welfare, Attica Region, 115 21 Athens, Greece

E

Edilberto Peña Genao

Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY 10033, USA

E

Eliscer Guzman

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA; Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY 10033, USA

C

Christina E. Kostara

Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece

Cite This Article

Constantine E. Kosmas, Shanna Rodriguez Polanco, Maria D. Bousvarou, et al. (2023). The Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio as a Risk Marker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease. Diagnostics, 13(5), 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13050929

The Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio as a Risk Marker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease

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