Optimization of Bacterial Cellulose Production from Waste Figs by Komagataeibacter xylinus

Merve Yilmaz; Yekta Göksungur

doi:10.3390/fermentation10090466

journal article Open Access Sep 09, 2024

Optimization of Bacterial Cellulose Production from Waste Figs by Komagataeibacter xylinus

Merve Yilmaz

Yekta Göksungur

Fermentation Vol. 10 No. 9 pp. 466 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/fermentation10090466

Abstract

This study aimed to use waste figs as an alternative substrate for bacterial cellulose (BC) production by Komagataeibacter xylinus and optimize the identified process parameters to maximize the concentration of BC. Among the nutrients screened by Plackett–Burman (PB) design, yeast extract was found to be significant in BC production. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of fermentation parameters on BC production. A maximum BC concentration of (8.45 g/L), which is among the highest BC concentrations reported so far, was achieved at the optimum levels of fermentation variables (initial pH 6.05, initial sugar concentration 62.75 g/L, temperature 30 °C). The utilization of response surface methodology (RSM) proved valuable in both optimizing and finding the interactions between process variables during BC production. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed a dense structure of BC, characterized by ribbon-like nanofibrils with diameters ranging from 23 to 90 nm while the attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrum of BC confirmed that the material obtained was cellulose. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the crystallinity of the BC samples was 70% for BC produced on waste fig medium and 61% for BC produced on Hestrin–Schramm (HS) medium. This is the first detailed study on the production of BC from waste figs, and the findings of this study demonstrated that waste figs can be used as an effective substrate for the production of BC.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

62

[1]

Aytekin "Improvement production of bacterial cellulose by semi-continuous process in molasses medium" Carbohydr. Polym. (2014) 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.103

[2]

Taha "Recent advances in bacterial cellulose: A low-cost effective production media, optimization strategies and applications" Cellulose (2022) 10.1007/s10570-022-04697-1

[3]

Günerhan, Ü., Us, E., Dumlu, L., Yılmaz, V., Carrère, H., and Perendeci, A.N. (2020). Impacts of chemical-assisted thermal pretreatments on methane production from fruit and vegetable harvesting wastes: Process optimization. Molecules, 25. 10.3390/molecules25030500

[4]

Mehri, D., Perendeci, N.A., and Goksungur, Y. (2021). Utilization of whey for red pigment production by Monascus purpureus in submerged fermentation. Fermentation, 7. 10.21203/rs.3.rs-180649/v1

[5]

Chen "Biotransformation of wheat straw to bacterial cellulose and its mechanism" Bioresour. Technol. (2013) 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.029

[6]

Guo "Comparison of methods for detoxification of spruce hydrolysate for bacterial cellulose production" Microb. Cell Fact. (2013) 10.1186/1475-2859-12-93

[7]

Kiziltas "Synthesis of bacterial cellulose using hot water extracted wood sugars" Carbohydr. Polym. (2015) 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.036

[8]

Algar "Pineapple agroindustrial residues for the production of high value bacterial cellulose with different morphologies" J. Appl. Polym. Sci. (2014) 10.1002/app.41237

[9]

Kurosumi "Utilization of various fruit juices as carbon source for production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum NBRC 13693" Carbohydr. Polym. (2009) 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.11.009

[10]

Jozala "Bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus by employing alternative culture media" Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2014) 10.1007/s00253-014-6232-3

[11]

Hong "Bacterial cellulose production from cotton-based waste textiles: Enzymatic saccharification enhanced by ionic liquid pretreatment" Bioresour. Technol. (2012) 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.028

[12]

Carreira "Utilization of residues from agro-forest industries in the production of high value bacterial cellulose" Bioresour. Technol. (2011) 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.081

[13]

Suwanposri "Statistical optimisation of culture conditions for biocellulose production by Komagataeibacter sp. PAP1 using soya bean whey" Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. (2014)

[14]

Wu "Thin stillage supplementation greatly enhances bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus" Carbohydr. Polym. (2012) 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.003

[15]

Li "Production of nano bacterial cellulose from waste water of candied jujube-processing industry using Acetobacter xylinum" Carbohydr. Polym. (2015) 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.061

[16]

Tsouko "Bacterial cellulose production from industrial waste and by-product streams" Int. J. Mol. Sci. (2015) 10.3390/ijms160714832

[17]

Huang "Evaluating the possibility of using acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation wastewater for bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus" Lett. Appl. Microbiol. (2015) 10.1111/lam.12396

[18]

Bilgi "Optimization of bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus using carob and haricot bean" Int. J. Biol. Macromol. (2016) 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.052

[19]

Bekatorou, A., Plioni, I., Sparou, K., Maroutsiou, R., Tsafrakidou, P., Petsi, T., and Kordouli, E. (2019). Bacterial cellulose production using the corinthian currant finishing side-stream and cheese whey: Process optimization and textural characterization. Foods., 8. 10.3390/foods8060193

[20]

Zeng "Statistical optimization of culture conditions for bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum BPR 2001 from maple syrup" Carbohydr. Polym. (2011) 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.02.034

[21]

Kurt "Bacterial cellulase production using grape pomace hydrolysate by shake-flask submerged fermentation" Biomass Convers. Biorefin. (2021)

[22]

Castro "Structural characterization of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter swingsii sp. from Colombian agroindustrial wastes" Carbohydr. Polym. (2011) 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.10.072

[23]

Ha "Production of bacterial cellulose by a static cultivation using the waste from beer culture broth" Korean J. Chem. Eng. (2008) 10.1007/s11814-008-0134-y

[24]

Brugnoli "Acetic acid bacteria in agro-wastes: From cheese whey and olive mill wastewater to cellulose" Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2023) 10.1007/s00253-023-12539-8

[25]

Ye "Bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 23767 using tobacco waste extract as culture medium" Bioresour. Technol. (2019) 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.028

[26]

Ayuso "Fig “Ficus carica L.” and its by-products: A decade evidence of their health-promoting benefits towards the development of novel food formulations" Trends Food Sci. Technol. (2022) 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.010

[27]

Aguilar "Solid state fermentation of fig (Ficus carica L.) by-products using fungi to obtain phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and qualitative evaluation of phenolics obtained" Process Biochem. (2017) 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.07.016

[28]

Ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction of pectin from fig (Ficus carica L.) skin: Optimization, characterization and bioactivity

Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi, Brennan Smith, Ya Guo

Carbohydrate Polymers 2019 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.114992

[29]

Abol-Fotouh, D., Hassan, M.A., Shokry, H., Roig, A., Azab, M.S., and Kashyout, A.E.H.B. (2020). Bacterial nanocellulose from agro-industrial wastes: Low-cost and enhanced production by Komagataeibacter saccharivorans MD1. Sci. Rep., 10. 10.1038/s41598-020-60315-9

[30]

Gomes "Nutritional supplementation with amino acids on bacterial cellulose production by Komagataeibacter intermedius: Effect analysis and application of response surface methodology" Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. (2022) 10.1007/s12010-022-04013-4

[31]

Dagbagli "Optimization of β-galactosidase production in Stirred Tank Bioreactor using Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-8279" Food Sci. Biotechnol. (2009)

[32]

Silbir, S., and Goksungur, Y. (2019). Natural red pigment production by Monascus purpureus in submerged fermentation systems using a food industry waste: Brewer’s spent grain. Foods., 8. 10.3390/foods8050161

[33]

Layegh "Microbial production of levan using date syrup and investigation of its properties" World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. (2010)

[34]

Myers, R.H., and Montgomery, D.D. (1995). Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, John Wiley & Sons. [1st ed.].

[35]

Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar

G. L. Miller

Analytical Chemistry 1959 10.1021/ac60147a030

[36]

Neue Methode zur Bestimmung des Stickstoffs in organischen Körpern

J. Kjeldahl

Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 1883 10.1007/bf01338151

[37]

Mikkelsen "Influence of different carbon sources on bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain ATCC 53524" J. Appl. Microbiol. (2009) 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04226.x

[38]

Mohamad "Influence of drying method on the crystal structure and thermal property of oil palm frond juice-based bacterial cellulose" J. Mater. Sci. (2022) 10.1007/s10853-021-06685-5

[39]

Panesar "Production of microbial cellulose: Response surface methodology approach" Carbohydr. Polym. (2012) 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.002

[40]

Son "Optimization of fermentation conditions for the production of bacterial cellulose by a newly isolated Acetobacter sp. A9 in shaking cultures" Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. (2001) 10.1042/ba20000065

[41]

Hungund "Factors affecting production of bacterial cellulose from Gluconacetobacter xylinus" Asian J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci. (2010)

[42]

Rani "Optimization of culture conditions for bacterial cellulose production from Gluconacetobacter hansenii UAC09" Ann. Microbiol. (2011) 10.1007/s13213-011-0196-7

[43]

Yang "Improved production of bacterial cellulose from waste glycerol through investigation of inhibitory effects of crude glycerol-derived compounds by Gluconacetobacter xylinus" J. Ind. Eng. Chem. (2019) 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.03.017

[44]

Rangaswamy "Microbial Cellulose Production from Bacteria Isolated from Rotten Fruit" Int. J. Polym. Sci. (2015) 10.1155/2015/280784

[45]

Krystynowicz "Factors affecting the yield and properties of bacterial cellulose" J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2002) 10.1038/sj.jim.7000303

[46]

Masaoka "Production of cellulose from glucose by Acetobacter xylinum" J. Ferment. Bioeng. (1993) 10.1016/0922-338x(93)90171-4

[47]

Santoso "Atmospheric cold plasma-assisted pineapple peel waste hydrolysate detoxification for the production of bacterial cellulose" Int. J. Biol. Macromol. (2021) 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.169

[48]

Salama "Optimization of bacterial cellulose production from prickly pear peels and its ex situ impregnation with fruit byproducts for antimicrobial and strawberry packaging applications" Carbohydr. Polym. (2023) 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120383

[49]

Lin "Evaluation of detoxified sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by atmospheric cold plasma for bacterial cellulose production" Int. J. Biol. Macromol. (2022) 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.186

[50]

Dubey "Biotransformation of sweet lime pulp waste into high-quality nanocellulose with an excellent productivity using Komagataeibacter europaeus SGP37 under static intermittent fed-batch cultivation" Bioresour Technol. (2018) 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.089

Showing 50 of 62 references

Metrics

15

Citations

62

References

Details

Published: Sep 09, 2024
Vol/Issue: 10(9)
Pages: 466
License: View

Authors

M

Merve Yilmaz

Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey

Y

Yekta Göksungur

Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey

Funding

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK Award: 222O183

TUBITAK fellowship Award: 222O183

Cite This Article

Merve Yilmaz, Yekta Göksungur (2024). Optimization of Bacterial Cellulose Production from Waste Figs by Komagataeibacter xylinus. Fermentation, 10(9), 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10090466

Optimization of Bacterial Cellulose Production from Waste Figs by Komagataeibacter xylinus

You May Also Like