Multi-Antenna Array-Based Massive MIMO for B5G/6G: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Research Directions

Faizan Qamar; Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi; Khairul Akram Zainol Ariffin; Muhammad Tayyab; Quang Ngoc Nguyen

doi:10.3390/info15080442

journal article Open Access Jul 29, 2024

Multi-Antenna Array-Based Massive MIMO for B5G/6G: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Research Directions

Faizan Qamar

Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi

Khairul Akram Zainol Ariffin

Muhammad Tayyab

Quang Ngoc Nguyen

Information Vol. 15 No. 8 pp. 442 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/info15080442

Abstract

This comprehensive article explores the massive MIMO (M-MIMO) design and its associated concepts, focusing on the seamless integration requirements for Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G networks. Addressing critical aspects such as RF chain reduction, pilot contamination, cell-free MIMO, and security considerations, this article delves into the intricacies of M-MIMO in the evolving landscape of B5G. Moreover, the emerging MIMO concepts in this article include AI-enabled M-MIMO three-dimensional beamforming, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, visible light communication, and THz spectrum utilization. This review highlights the challenges and open research issues, including Narrow Aperture Antenna Nodes, Plasmonic Antenna Arrays, Integrated Sensing with M-MIMO, and the application of federated learning in M-MIMO systems. By examining these cutting-edge developments, this article aims to advance knowledge in the field and inspire future research directions in the exciting realm of B5G and 6G networks.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

142

[1]

Kazmi "Survey on joint paradigm of 5G and SDN emerging mobile technologies: Architecture, security, challenges and research directions" Wirel. Pers. Commun. (2023) 10.1007/s11277-023-10402-7

[2]

Siddiqui, M.U.A., Qamar, F., Kazmi, S.H.A., Hassan, R., Arfeen, A., and Nguyen, Q.N. (2022). A study on multi-antenna and pertinent technologies with AI/ML approaches for B5G/6G networks. Electronics, 12. 10.3390/electronics12010189

[3]

Kazmi, S.H.A., Masood, A., and Nisar, K. (2021, January 13–15). Design and analysis of multi efficiency motors based high endurance multi rotor with central thrust. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 15th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT), Baku, Azerbaijan. 10.1109/aict52784.2021.9620440

[4]

Kazmi, S.H.A., Hassan, R., Qamar, F., Nisar, K., and Ibrahim, A.A.A. (2023). Security Concepts in Emerging 6G Communication: Threats, Countermeasures, Authentication Techniques and Research Directions. Symmetry, 15. 10.3390/sym15061147

[5]

Yang "Digital beamforming-based massive MIMO transceiver for 5G millimeter-wave communications" IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. (2018) 10.1109/tmtt.2018.2829702

[6]

Larsson "Massive MIMO: Ten myths and one critical question" IEEE Commun. Mag. (2016) 10.1109/mcom.2016.7402270

[7]

Qamar, F., Gachhadar, A., Kazmi, S.H.A., and Hassan, R. (2023, January 9–12). Success Probability and Spectral Efficiency Estimation Using Successive Interference Cancellation for B5G Network. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Computing (ICOCO), Langkawi, Malaysia. 10.1109/icoco59262.2023.10397774

[8]

Kazmi "Routing-based Interference Mitigation in SDN enabled Beyond 5G Communication Networks: A Comprehensive Survey" IEEE Access (2023) 10.1109/access.2023.3235366

[9]

Albreem "Massive MIMO Detection Techniques: A Survey" IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. (2019) 10.1109/comst.2019.2935810

[10]

Albreem "Deep Learning for Massive MIMO Uplink Detectors" IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. (2022) 10.1109/comst.2021.3135542

[11]

Busari "Millimeter-wave massive MIMO communication for future wireless systems: A survey" IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. (2017) 10.1109/comst.2017.2787460

[12]

Ly "A Review of Deep Learning in 5G Research: Channel Coding, Massive MIMO, Multiple Access, Resource Allocation, and Network Security" IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc. (2021) 10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3058353

[13]

Bartsiokas "ML-Based Radio Resource Management in 5G and Beyond Networks: A Survey" IEEE Access (2022) 10.1109/access.2022.3196657

[14]

Acheampong "A comprehensive study of optimal linear pre-coding schemes for a massive MU-MIMO downlink system: A survey" Int. J. Comput. (IJC) (2019)

[15]

Shlezinger "Dynamic metasurface antennas for 6G extreme massive MIMO communications" IEEE Wirel. Commun. (2021) 10.1109/mwc.001.2000267

[16]

Qamar, F., Siddiqui, M.U.A., Hindia, M.N., Hassan, R., and Nguyen, Q.N. (2020). Issues, challenges, and research trends in spectrum management: A comprehensive overview and new vision for designing 6G networks. Electronics, 9. 10.3390/electronics9091416

[17]

Guan "Efficiency evaluations based on artificial intelligence for 5G massive MIMO communication systems on high-altitude platform stations" IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. (2019) 10.1109/tii.2019.2962035

[18]

Lota "5G uniform linear arrays with beamforming and spatial multiplexing at 28, 37, 64, and 71 GHz for outdoor urban communication: A two-level approach" IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. (2017) 10.1109/tvt.2017.2741260

[19]

Ding "Beam index modulation wireless communication with analog beamforming" IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. (2018) 10.1109/tvt.2018.2819728

[20]

Basar "Media-based modulation for future wireless systems: A tutorial" IEEE Wirel. Commun. (2019) 10.1109/mwc.2019.1800568

[21]

Hodge "Intelligent time-varying metasurface transceiver for index modulation in 6G wireless networks" IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. (2020) 10.1109/lawp.2020.3025333

[22]

Basar "Index modulation techniques for next-generation wireless networks" IEEE Access (2017) 10.1109/access.2017.2737528

[23]

Rommel "High-capacity 5G fronthaul networks based on optical space division multiplexing" IEEE Trans. Broadcast. (2019) 10.1109/tbc.2019.2901412

[24]

Siddiqui "Interference management in 5G and beyond network: Requirements, challenges and future directions" IEEE Access (2021) 10.1109/access.2021.3073543

[25]

Qamar, F., Kazmi, S.H.A., Hassan, R., and Hindia, M.N. (2022, January 22–25). Successive Interference Cancellation for Ultra-Dense 5G Heterogeneous Network. Proceedings of the 2022 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), Penang, Malaysia. 10.1109/ispacs57703.2022.10082829

[26]

Zheng "Massive MIMO channel models: A survey" Int. J. Antennas Propag. (2014)

[27]

Liu "Online machine learning-based physical layer authentication for MmWave MIMO systems" Ad Hoc Netw. (2022) 10.1016/j.adhoc.2022.102864

[28]

Towfiq, A., King, G.D., Ermutlu, M., and Cetiner, B.A. (2022, January 10–15). Antenna Array Beam Steering Based on a Parasitic Layer. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI), Denver, CO, USA. 10.1109/ap-s/usnc-ursi47032.2022.9886542

[29]

Ni, J., Zheng, J., and Liang, Z. (2021, January 12–20). Massive MIMO un-sourced random access with dynamic user activity. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Melbourne, Australia. 10.1109/isit45174.2021.9517957

[30]

Kazmi, S.H.A., Qamar, F., Hassan, R., and Nisar, K. (2022, January 22–25). Improved QoS in Internet of Things (IoTs) through Short Messages Encryption Scheme for Wireless Sensor Communication. Proceedings of the 2022 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), Penang, Malaysia. 10.1109/ispacs57703.2022.10082815

[31]

Polyanskiy, Y. (2017, January 25–30). A perspective on massive random-access. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Aachen, Germany. 10.1109/isit.2017.8006984

[32]

Wu "Massive access for future wireless communication systems" IEEE Wirel. Commun. (2020) 10.1109/mwc.001.1900494

[33]

Amalladinne, V.K., Vem, A., Soma, D.K., Narayanan, K.R., and Chamberland, J.-F. (2018, January 15–20). A coupled compressive sensing scheme for unsourced multiple access. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Calgary, AB, Canada. 10.1109/icassp.2018.8461402

[34]

Fengler, A., Jung, P., and Caire, G. (2019, January 7–12). SPARCs and AMP for unsourced random access. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Paris, France. 10.1109/isit.2019.8849802

[35]

Fengler, A., Haghighatshoar, S., Jung, P., and Caire, G. (2019, January 3–6). Grant-free massive random access with a massive MIMO receiver. Proceedings of the 2019 53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA. 10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9049039

[36]

Fraidenraich "Massive MIMO channel estimation considering pilot contamination and spatially correlated channels" Electron. Lett. (2020) 10.1049/el.2019.3899

[37]

Zhao "Pilot contamination reduction in TDD-based massive MIMO systems" IET Commun. (2019) 10.1049/iet-com.2018.5557

[38]

Gachhadar, A., Maharjan, R.K., Shrestha, S., Adhikari, N.B., Qamar, F., Kazmi, S.H.A., and Nguyen, Q.N. (2023). Power Optimization in Multi-Tier Heterogeneous Networks Using Genetic Algorithm. Electronics, 12. 10.3390/electronics12081795

[39]

Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Small Cells

Hien Quoc Ngo, Alexei Ashikhmin, Hong Yang et al.

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2017 10.1109/twc.2017.2655515

[40]

Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A New Next-Generation Paradigm

Jiayi Zhang, Shuaifei Chen, Yan Lin et al.

IEEE Access 2019 10.1109/access.2019.2930208

[41]

Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

Emil Bjornson, Luca Sanguinetti

IEEE Transactions on Communications 2020 10.1109/tcomm.2020.2987311

[42]

Buzzi "Cell-Free Massive MIMO: User-Centric Approach" IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. (2017) 10.1109/lwc.2017.2734893

[43]

Interdonato "Ubiquitous cell-free Massive MIMO communications" EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. (2019) 10.1186/s13638-019-1507-0

[44]

Mir "Machine Learning Inspired Hybrid Precoding for Wideband Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems" IEEE Access (2019) 10.1109/access.2019.2916883

[45]

Alimo "Beam selection for mm-wave massive MIMO systems using ACO & combined digital precoding under hybrid transceiver architecture" IEICE Commun. Express (2020) 10.1587/comex.2019spl0018

[46]

Li "Intelligent 5G: When Cellular Networks Meet Artificial Intelligence" IEEE Wirel. Commun. (2017) 10.1109/mwc.2017.1600304wc

[47]

Maksymyuk, T., Gazda, J., Yaremko, O., and Nevinskiy, D. (2018, January 20–21). Deep Learning Based Massive MIMO Beamforming for 5G Mobile Network. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 4th International Symposium on Wireless Systems within the International Conferences on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems (IDAACS-SWS), Lviv, Ukraine. 10.1109/idaacs-sws.2018.8525802

[48]

Wijaya, M.A., Fukawa, K., and Suzuki, H. (2015, January 6–9). Intercell-Interference Cancellation and Neural Network Transmit Power Optimization for MIMO Channels. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall), Boston, MA, USA. 10.1109/vtcfall.2015.7390988

[49]

Ma "Machine Learning for Beam Alignment in Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO" IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. (2020) 10.1109/lwc.2020.2973972

[50]

Wang, Y., Narasimha, M., and Heath, R.W. (2018, January 25–28). MmWave Beam Prediction with Situational Awareness: A Machine Learning Approach. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 19th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), Kalamata, Greece. 10.1109/spawc.2018.8445969

Showing 50 of 142 references

Metrics

15

Citations

142

References

Details

Published: Jul 29, 2024
Vol/Issue: 15(8)
Pages: 442
License: View

Authors

F

Faizan Qamar

Centre for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

S

Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi

Centre for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

K

Khairul Akram Zainol Ariffin

Centre for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

M

Muhammad Tayyab

School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCE), Taylor’s University Lake-Side Campus, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia

Q

Quang Ngoc Nguyen

Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan; Faculty of Telecommunications, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

Funding

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) from the Ministry of Higher Education Award: FRGS/1/2023/ICT07/UKM/02/1

Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology Research Award: FRGS/1/2023/ICT07/UKM/02/1

Cite This Article

Faizan Qamar, Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi, Khairul Akram Zainol Ariffin, et al. (2024). Multi-Antenna Array-Based Massive MIMO for B5G/6G: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Research Directions. Information, 15(8), 442. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15080442

Multi-Antenna Array-Based Massive MIMO for B5G/6G: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Research Directions

You May Also Like