Global Food Security, Economic and Health Risk Assessment of the COVID-19 Epidemic

Sándor Kovács; Mohammad Fazle Rabbi; Domicián Máté

doi:10.3390/math9192398

journal article Open Access Sep 27, 2021

Global Food Security, Economic and Health Risk Assessment of the COVID-19 Epidemic

Sándor Kovács

Mohammad Fazle Rabbi

Domicián Máté

Mathematics Vol. 9 No. 19 pp. 2398 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/math9192398

Abstract

This study addresses the complexity of global pandemic (COVID) exposures and explores how sustainable development relates to economic and health risks and food security. Multiple factor analysis (MFA) is applied to compute the links among blocks of variables, and results are validated by random sampling with bootstrapping, exhaustive and split-half techniques, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the differences of the MFA factors within the different stages of competitiveness. Comparing the MFA factors suggests that higher competitiveness is correlated with better food security and natural resilience and the tremendous economic downturn; the most competitive countries have lower exposures to health risks. In addition, the risk of pandemics appears to be lower with well-established public health care (HC) system services and good health for the population. The study also underlines that the economic and health systems are unfortunately inadequate to deal with a crisis of this magnitude. Although the countries least affected by the epidemic are the most competitive, they cannot protect people and the economy effectively. Formulating appropriate global responses is a challenge, but the results may lead to more nuanced findings regarding treatment policies that can be addressed at the country level.

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Details

Published: Sep 27, 2021
Vol/Issue: 9(19)
Pages: 2398
License: View

Authors

S

Sándor Kovács

Faculty of Economics and Business Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary

M

Mohammad Fazle Rabbi

Ihrig Károly Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary

D

Domicián Máté

Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa

Funding

Hungarian Academy of Sciences Award: János Bolyai Research Scholarship

Cite This Article

Sándor Kovács, Mohammad Fazle Rabbi, Domicián Máté (2021). Global Food Security, Economic and Health Risk Assessment of the COVID-19 Epidemic. Mathematics, 9(19), 2398. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9192398

Global Food Security, Economic and Health Risk Assessment of the COVID-19 Epidemic

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