Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps

Carol M. Romo-Barrera; Laura E. Castrillón-Rivera; Alejandro Palma-Ramos; Jorge I. Castañeda-Sánchez; Julieta Luna-Herrera

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9102027

journal article Open Access Sep 25, 2021

Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps

Carol M. Romo-Barrera Laura E. Castrillón-Rivera Alejandro Palma-Ramos Jorge I. Castañeda-Sánchez

Julieta Luna-Herrera

Microorganisms Vol. 9 No. 10 pp. 2027 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/microorganisms9102027

Abstract

Probiotics are considered living microorganisms that help preserve the health of the host who uses them. Bacillus are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for animal and human consumption. They are currently distributed in various commercial forms. Two of the species used as probiotics are B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. Macrophages are central cells in the immune response, being fundamental in the elimination of microbial pathogens, for which they use various mechanisms, including the formation of extracellular traps (METs). There have been very few studies carried out on the participation of macrophages in response to the interaction of probiotics of the genus Bacillus with the host. In this work, we used macrophages from the J774A mouse cell line.1, and we found that they are susceptible to infection by the two Bacillus species. However, both species were eliminated as the infection progressed. Using confocal microscopy, we identified the formation of METs from the first hours of infection, which were characterized by the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone (Hit3Cit). Quantitative data on extracellular DNA release were also obtained; release was observed starting in the first hour of infection. The induction of METs by B. licheniformis caused a significant decrease in the colony-forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus. The induction of METS by bacteria of the Bacillus genus is a mechanism that participates in controlling the probiotic and potentially pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus. The induction of METs to control pathogens may be a novel mechanism that could explain the beneficial effects of probiotics of the genus Bacillus.

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References

Details

Published: Sep 25, 2021
Vol/Issue: 9(10)
Pages: 2027
License: View

Authors

C

Carol M. Romo-Barrera

Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico

L

Laura E. Castrillón-Rivera

Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico

A

Alejandro Palma-Ramos

Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico

J

Jorge I. Castañeda-Sánchez

Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico

J

Julieta Luna-Herrera

Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico

Funding

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Award: CB-2015-258735

Cite This Article

Carol M. Romo-Barrera, Laura E. Castrillón-Rivera, Alejandro Palma-Ramos, et al. (2021). Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps. Microorganisms, 9(10), 2027. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102027

Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Probiotics That Induce the Formation of Macrophage Extracellular Traps

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