Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids

Marcelo Rogero; Philip Calder

doi:10.3390/nu10040432

journal article Open Access Mar 30, 2018

Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids

Marcelo Rogero

Philip Calder

Nutrients Vol. 10 No. 4 pp. 432 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/nu10040432

Abstract

Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The classic inflammatory response is an acute reaction to infections or to tissue injuries, and it tends to move towards resolution and homeostasis. However, the inflammatory process that was observed in individuals affected by obesity and metabolic syndrome differs from the classical inflammatory response in certain respects. This inflammatory process manifests itself systemically and it is characterized by a chronic low-intensity reaction. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is acknowledged as one of the main triggers of the obesity-induced inflammatory response. The aim of the present review is to describe the role that is played by the TLR4 signaling pathway in the inflammatory response and its modulation by saturated and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies indicate that saturated fatty acids can induce inflammation by activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. Conversely, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, exert anti-inflammatory actions through the attenuation of the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway by either lipopolysaccharides or saturated fatty acids.

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Details

Published: Mar 30, 2018
Vol/Issue: 10(4)
Pages: 432
License: View

Authors

M

Marcelo Rogero

Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP, Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo 05468-140, Brazil

P

Philip Calder

Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK

Cite This Article

Marcelo Rogero, Philip Calder (2018). Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids. Nutrients, 10(4), 432. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040432

Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids

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