journal article Open Access Nov 08, 2018

Almond Allergy: An Overview on Prevalence, Thresholds, Regulations and Allergen Detection

Nutrients Vol. 10 No. 11 pp. 1706 · MDPI AG
View at Publisher Save 10.3390/nu10111706
Abstract
Food allergy has been on the increase for many years. The prevalence of allergy to different foods varies widely depending on type of food, frequency of consumption and geographic location. Data from the literature suggests that the prevalence of tree nut allergy is of the order of 1% in the general population. Almond is one such tree nut that is frequently eaten in many parts of the world and represents a potential allergenic hazard. Given the need to label products that contain allergens, a number of different methods of direct and indirect detection have been developed. However, in the absence of population-based threshold data, and given that almond allergy is rare, the sensitivity of the required detection is unknown and thus aims as low as possible. Typically, this is less than 1 ppm, which matches the thresholds that have been shown for other allergens. This review highlights the lack of quantitative data on prevalence and thresholds for almonds, which is limiting progress in consumer protection.
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
82
[1]
Boyce "Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the united states: Report of the niaid-sponsored expert panel" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2010) 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.008
[2]
Boyce "Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the united states: Summary of the niaid-sponsored expert panel report" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2010) 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.008
[3]
Stallings, V.A., and Oria, M.P. (2016). Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy: Assessment of the Global Burden, Causes, Prevention, Management, and Public Policy, The National Academies Press. 10.17226/23658
[4]
Food allergy: A review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management

Scott H. Sicherer, Hugh A. Sampson

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.003
[5]
Sicherer "Critical issues in food allergy: A National Academies Consensus Report" Pediatrics (2017) 10.1542/peds.2017-0194
[6]
Allen "Prospects for prevention of food allergy" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. (2016) 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.10.010
[7]
Tsakok "Prevention of food allergy" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2016) 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.005
[8]
Luyt "Ethnic differences in prevalence of cashew nut, pistachio nut and almond allergy" Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. (2016) 10.1111/pai.12582
[9]
Buchanan "Approaches to establish thresholds for major food allergens and for gluten in food" J. Food Prot. (2008) 10.4315/0362-028x-71.5.1043
[10]
McWilliam, V., Koplin, J., Lodge, C., Tang, M., Dharmage, S., and Allen, K. (2015). The prevalence of tree nut allergy: A systematic review. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep., 15. 10.1007/s11882-015-0555-8
[11]
Turnbull "Food allergy: Temporal trends and determinants" Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. (2012) 10.1007/s11882-012-0274-3
[12]
Woods "Reported food intolerance and respiratory symptoms in young adults" Eur. Respir. J. (1998) 10.1183/09031936.98.11010151
[13]
Wan "Food hypersensitivity in primary school children in Taiwan: Relationship with asthma" Food Agric. Immunol. (2012) 10.1080/09540105.2011.615063
[14]
Sicherer "Prevalence of peanut and tree nut allergy in the United States determined by means of a random digit dial telephone survey: A 5-year follow-up study" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2003) 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)02026-8
[15]
Sicherer "A voluntary registry for peanut and tree nut allergy: Characteristics of the first 5149 registrants" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2001) 10.1067/mai.2001.115755
[16]
Young "A population study of food intolerance" Lancet (1994) 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90234-8
[17]
Orhan "Prevalence of immunoglobulin e-mediated food allergy in 6–9-year-old urban schoolchildren in the eastern black sea region of turkey" Clin. Exp. Allergy (2009) 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03263.x
[18]
Brugman "Prevalence of self-reported food hypersensitivity among school children in the netherlands" Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. (1998) 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600609
[19]
"Prevalence of food allergy/intolerance in children: Results from a population based survey" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2000) 10.1016/s0091-6749(00)90817-0
[20]
Burney "Prevalence and distribution of sensitization to foods in the european community respiratory health survey: A Europrevall analysis" Allergy (2010) 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02346.x
[21]
Matricardi "EAACI molecular allergology user’s guide" Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. (2016) 10.1111/pai.12563
[22]
Nollet, L.M.L., and van Hengel, A.J. (2010). Allergens in treenuts, sesame seeds, mustard and celery. Food Allergens—Analysis, Instrumentation and Methods, CRC Press.
[23]
Yeung, J.M. (2010). Criteria to determine priority allergens: Tree nut allergy review. Allergen Management in the Food Industry, John Wiley and Sons. 10.1002/9780470644584.ch3
[24]
Clark "Interpretation of tests for nut allergy in one thousand patients, in relation to allergy or tolerance" Clin. Exp. Allergy (2003) 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.01624.x
[25]
Noble "A cherry seed-derived spice, mahleb, is recognized by anti-almond antibodies including almond-allergic patient IgE" J. Food Sci. (2017) 10.1111/1750-3841.13757
[26]
Uotila "Cross-sensitization profiles of edible nuts in a birch-endemic area" Allergy (2016) 10.1111/all.12826
[27]
Couch "Characteristics of tree nut challenges in tree nut allergic and tree nut sensitized individuals" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2017)
[28]
Pedrosa "Household almond and peanut consumption is related to the development of sensitization in young children" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2016) 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.006
[29]
EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies) (2014). Scientific opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J., 12. 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894
[30]
Costa "Almond allergens: Molecular characterization, detection, and clinical relevance" J. Agric. Food Chem. (2012) 10.1021/jf2044923
[31]
Gaur "Purification, identification and preliminary crystallographic studies of pru du amandin, an allergenic protein from prunus dulcis" Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. (2008) 10.1107/s1744309107064615
[32]
Jin "Crystal structure of prunin-1, a major component of the almond (Prunus dulcis) allergen amandin" J. Agric. Food Chem. (2009) 10.1021/jf9017355
[33]
Tawde "Cloning and characterization of profilin (pru du 4), a cross-reactive almond (Prunus dulcis) allergen" J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2006) 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.05.028
[34]
WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee (2018, September 04). Allergen Nomenclature. Available online: http://www.allergen.org.
[35]
Roux "Detection and stability of the major almond allergen in foods" J. Agric. Food Chem. (2001) 10.1021/jf001307k
[36]
Willison "Cloning, expression and patient IgE reactivity of recombinant pru du 6, an 11s globulin from almond" Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (2011) 10.1159/000323887
[37]
Willison "Conformational epitope mapping of pru du 6, a major allergen from almond nut" Mol. Immunol. (2013) 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.02.004
[38]
Venkatachalam "Effects of roasting, blanching, autoclaving, and microwave heating on antigenicity of almond (Prunus dulcis L.) proteins" J. Agric. Food Chem. (2002) 10.1021/jf020012z
[39]
Mandalari "Effect of food matrix and processing on release of almond protein during simulated digestion" LWT-Food Sci. Technol. (2014) 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.005
[40]
Holden "Characterization of IgE binding to lupin, peanut and almond with sera from lupin-allergic patients" Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (2008) 10.1159/000121461
[41]
Poltronieri "Identification and characterisation of the IgE-binding proteins 2s albumin and conglutin gamma in almond (Prunus dulcis) seeds" Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (2002) 10.1159/000059399
[42]
Abolhassani "Cdna cloning, expression and characterization of an allergenic 60s ribosomal protein of almond (Prunus dulcis)" Iran. J. Allergy Asthma Immunol. (2009)
[43]
Jackson "Cleaning and other control and validation strategies to prevent allergen cross-contact in food-processing operations" J. Food Prot. (2008) 10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.445
[44]
Wang "Evaluation of cleaning procedures for allergen control in a food industry environment" J. Food Sci. (2010) 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01854.x
[45]
Blais "Multiplex enzyme immunoassay system for the simultaneous detection of multiple allergens in foods" Food Control (2003) 10.1016/s0956-7135(02)00053-1
[46]
Garber "Detection of hazelnuts and almonds using commercial elisa test kits" Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (2010) 10.1007/s00216-009-3424-2
[47]
Rudolf "Commercialized rapid immunoanalytical tests for determination of allergenic food proteins: An overview" Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (2009) 10.1007/s00216-009-2715-y
[48]
Rejeb "Multi-allergen screening immunoassay for the detection of protein markers of peanut and four tree nuts in chocolate" Food Addit. Contam. (2005) 10.1080/02652030500158450
[49]
Tiwari "Effect of food matrix on amandin, almond (Prunus dulcis L.) major protein, immunorecognition and recovery" LWT-Food Sci. Technol. (2010) 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.11.012
[50]
Taylor "Allergen immunoassays-considerations for use of naturally incurred standards" Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (2009) 10.1007/s00216-009-2944-0

Showing 50 of 82 references

Metrics
32
Citations
82
References
Details
Published
Nov 08, 2018
Vol/Issue
10(11)
Pages
1706
License
View
Cite This Article
Giuseppina Mandalari, Alan R. Mackie (2018). Almond Allergy: An Overview on Prevalence, Thresholds, Regulations and Allergen Detection. Nutrients, 10(11), 1706. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111706
Related

You May Also Like

Chemistry and Biochemistry of Dietary Polyphenols

Rong Tsao · 2010

1,921 citations

Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity

Yao Li, Jiaying Yao · 2016

1,624 citations

Vitamin C and Immune Function

Anitra Carr, Silvia Maggini · 2017

1,519 citations