journal article
Open Access
Feb 25, 2023
The Effect of a Vegan Diet on the Coverage of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Iodine among People from Poland
Abstract
The aim of this research was to estimate the effect of a vegan diet on the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) coverage for iodine in people from Poland. It was hypothesized that the problem of iodine deficiency is a concern, especially among vegans. The survey study was conducted in the years 2021–2022 on 2200 people aged 18–80 with omnivore and vegan diets. The exclusion criteria in the study were pregnancy and lactation. The study found that the coverage of RDA for iodine among people with a vegan diet was lower than among people with an omnivore diet (p < 0.05); 90% of the participants with a vegan diet had an iodine intake below 150 µg/day. Plant-based dairy and meat analogs were consumed by vegans frequently and in large portions, but none were fortified with iodine. It was found that iodized salt was each group’s primary source of iodine. However, it was observed that the iodine supply from this source was limited among vegans, especially in female subjects, who consumed less salt and smaller portions of meals. That is why consideration should be given to the iodine fortification of plant-based foods commonly consumed by vegans.
Topics
No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →
References
88
[1]
Tso, R., and Forde, C.G. (2021). Unintended Consequences: Nutritional Impact and Potential Pitfalls of Switching from Animal to Plant-based Foods. Nutrients, 13.
10.3390/nu13082527
[2]
Mandel, A. (2020, September 16). Record Interest in Veganism. Available online: https://www.rp.pl/przemysl-spozywczy/art523671-rekordowe-zainteresowanie-weganizmem.
[3]
Selinger, E., Neuenschwander, M., Koller, A., Gojda, J., Kühn, T., Schwingshackl, L., Barbaresko, J., and Schlesinger, S. (2022). Evidence of a Vegan Diet for Health Benefits and Risks—An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational and Clinical Studies. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1–11.
10.1080/10408398.2022.2075311
[4]
Gvion "Generation V: Millennial Vegans in Israel" J. Contemp. Ethnogr. (2020) 10.1177/0891241620917726
[5]
Mazurkiewicz, P. (2022, August 02). Poles Turn Their Backs on Meat. More and More Plant Substitutes on the Shelves. Available online: https://www.rp.pl/przemysl-spozywczy/art36804141-polacy-odwracaja-sie-od-miesa-na-polkach-coraz-wiecej-roslinnych-zamiennikow.
[6]
Janssen "Motives of Consumers Following a Vegan Diet and Their Attitudes towards Animal Agriculture" Appetite (2016) 10.1016/j.appet.2016.06.039
[7]
Sakkas, H., Bozidis, P., Touzios, C., Kolios, D., Athanasiou, G., Athanasopoulou, E., Gerou, I., and Gartzonika, C. (2020). Nutritional Status and the Influence of the Vegan Dieton the Gut Microbiota and Human Health. Medicina, 56.
10.3390/medicina56020088
[8]
Clarys "Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet" Nutrients (2014) 10.3390/nu6031318
[9]
Magkos "Perspective: A Perspective on the Transition to Plant-Based Diets: A Diet Change May Attenuate Climate Change, but Can It Also Attenuate Obesityand Chronic Disease Risk?" Adv. Nutr. (2020) 10.1093/advances/nmz090
[10]
Craig "Health Effects of Vegan Diets" Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (2009) 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736n
[11]
Lee, Y., and Park, K. (2017). Adherence to a Vegetarian Diet and Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients, 9.
10.3390/nu9060603
[12]
Krela-Kaźmierczak, I., Czarnywojtek, A., Skoracka, K., Rychter, A.M., Ratajczak, A.E., Szymczak-Tomczak, A., Ruchała, M., and Dobrowolska, A. (2021). Is There an Ideal Diet to Protect against Iodine Deficiency?. Nutrients, 13.
10.3390/nu13020513
[13]
Medawar "The Effects of Plant-Based Diets on the Body and the Brain: A Systematic Review" Transl. Psychiatry (2019) 10.1038/s41398-019-0552-0
[14]
Villette, C., Vasseur, P., Lapidus, N., Debin, M., Hanslik, T., Blanchon, T., Steichen, O., and Rossignol, L. (2022). Vegetarian and Vegan Diets: Beliefs and Attitudes of General Practitioners and Pediatricians in France. Nutrients, 14.
10.3390/nu14153101
[15]
Ahad "Iodine, Iodine Metabolism and Iodine Deficiency Disorders Revisited" Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. (2010)
[16]
Zimmermann "The Role of Iodine in Human Growth and Development" Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. (2011) 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.07.009
[17]
Kowalska, K., Brodowski, J., Pokorska-Niewiada, K., and Szczuko, M. (2020). The Change in the Content of Nutrients in Diets Eliminating Products of Animal Origin in Comparison to a Regular Diet from the Area of Middle-Eastern Europe. Nutrients, 12.
10.3390/nu12102986
[18]
Winder, M., Kosztyła, Z., Boral, A., Kocełak, P., and Chudek, J. (2022). The Impact of Iodine Concentration Disorders on Health and Cancer. Nutrients, 14.
10.3390/nu14112209
[19]
(2022, December 20). WHO Radiation Emergency: Iodine Thyroid Blocking. Available online: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/radiation/1_ki_final.pdf?sfvrsn=d7d94d88_3.
[20]
WHO (2007). Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring Their Elimination: A Guide for Programme Managers.
[21]
Zava "Assessment of Japanese Iodine Intake Based on Seaweed Consumption in Japan: A Literature-Based Analysis" Thyroid Res. (2011) 10.1186/1756-6614-4-14
[22]
Nishiyama "Transient Hypothyroidism or Persistent Hyperthyrotropinemia in Neonates Born to Mothers with Excessive Iodine Intake" Thyroid (2004) 10.1089/thy.2004.14.1077
[23]
Arasaki, S., and Arasaki, T. (1983). Vegetables from the Sea, Japan Publications Inc.
[24]
Andersson "Current Global Iodine Status and Progress over the Last Decade towards the Elimination of Iodine Deficiency" Bull. World Health Organ. (2005)
[25]
Hatch-McChesney, A., and Lieberman, H.R. (2022). Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue. Nutrients, 14.
10.3390/nu14173474
[26]
Waszkowiak "The Estimation of Consumption of Food Products Being Iodine Sources among Women of the Wielkopolska Region" Probl. Hig. Epidemiol. (2011)
[27]
Yeliosof "Veganism as a Cause of Iodine Deficient Hypothyroidism" J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. (2018) 10.1515/jpem-2017-0082
[28]
Blikra "Iodine from Brown Algae in Human Nutrition, with an Emphasis on Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability, Chemistry, and Effects of Processing: A Systematic Review" Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. (2022) 10.1111/1541-4337.12918
[29]
Rahikainen "Alternative proteins and EU food law" Food Control (2021) 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108336
[30]
"Iodine prophylaxis in Poland in the lights of the WHO recommendation on reduction of the daily salt intake" Pediatr. Endocrinol. Diabetol. Metab. (2009)
[31]
WHO (2022, August 22). Universal Salt Iodization and Sodium Intake Reduction Compatible, Cost–Effective Strategies of Great Public Health Benefit, Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240053717.
[32]
Jezewska-Zychowicz, M., Gawecki, J., Wadolowska, L., Czarnocinska, J., Galinski, G., Kollajtis-Dolowy, A., Roszkowski, W., Wawrzyniak, A., Przybylowicz, K., and Krusinska, B. (2019, June 10). Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire and the Manual for Developing of Nutritional Data; The Committee of Human Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences. Available online: http://www.knozc.pan.pl/images/stories/MLonnie/EN_Kwestionariusz_KomPAN_i_PROCEDURA_versja_2_znak_tow_2019_2.pdf.
[33]
Kurosad "Iodine Occurrence, Circulation, Deficiency Region and the Main Iodine Sources in Human and Animal Nutrition" Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. (2005)
[34]
Kunachowicz, H., Przygoda, B., Nadolna, I., and Iwanow, K. (2020). Tables of Food Composition and Nutritional Value, PZWL.
[35]
Smyth "Iodine, Seaweed, and the Thyroid" Eur. Thyroid J. (2021) 10.1159/000512971
[36]
Truong "Role of dietary iodine and cruciferous vegetables in thyroid cancer: A countrywide case-control study in New Caledonia" Cancer Causes Control (2010) 10.1007/s10552-010-9545-2
[37]
Waszkowiak "Wheat Dietary Fibre and Soy Protein as New Carriers of Iodine Compounds for Food Fortification—The Effect of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Potassium Iodide and Potassium Iodate" LWT—Food Sci. Technol. (2021) 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110424
[38]
Li "The Changing Epidemiology of Iodine Deficiency" Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. (2012) 10.1038/nrendo.2012.43
[39]
Waszkowiak "Iodine Retention in Ground Pork Burgers Fried in Fat Free Conditions" Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment. (2004)
[40]
Waszkowiak "Effect of Collagen Preparations Used as Carriers of Potassium Iodide on Retention of Iodine and Thiamine during Cooking and Storage of Pork Meatballs" J. Sci. Food Agric. (2007) 10.1002/jsfa.2844
[41]
Waszkowiak "Effect of Storage Conditions on Potassium Iodide Stability in Iodised Table Salt and Collagen Preparations" Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. (2008) 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01538.x
[42]
Rana "Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Iodine Losses" J. Food Sci. Technol. (2013) 10.1007/s13197-011-0436-7
[43]
Eveleigh, E., Coneyworth, L., Zhou, M., Burdett, H., Malla, J., Nguyen, V.H., and Welham, S. (2022). Vegans and Vegetarians Living in Nottingham (UK) Continue to Be at Risk of Iodine Deficiency. Br. J. Nutr., 1–46.
10.1017/s0007114522000113
[44]
Erlund "Iodine Status in the Nordic Countries Past and Present" Food Nutr. Res. (2016) 10.3402/fnr.v60.31969
[45]
Granfors "Iodine Deficiency in a Study Population of Pregnant Women in Sweden" Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. (2015) 10.1111/aogs.12713
[46]
Lindorfer "Iodine Deficiency in Pregnant Women in Austria" Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. (2015) 10.1038/ejcn.2014.253
[47]
Ovadia "First Israeli National Iodine Survey Demonstrates Iodine Deficiency among School-Aged Children and Pregnant Women" Thyroid (2017) 10.1089/thy.2017.0251
[48]
Groufh-Jacobsen, S., Hess, S.Y., Aakre, I., Gjengedal, E.L.F., Pettersen, K.B., and Henjum, S. (2020). Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians Are at Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Norway. Nutrients, 12.
10.3390/nu12113555
[49]
Klimes "Iodine Deficiency in Vegetarians and Vegans" Ann. Nutr. Metab. (2003) 10.1159/000070483
[50]
Dahl "The Iodine Content of Norwegian Foods and Diets" Public Health Nutr. (2004) 10.1079/phn2003554
Showing 50 of 88 references
Cited By
9
Seaweed and Seaweed-Based Products As Plant-Based Sources of Dietary Iodine
Nutrition Today
Roman Pawlak · 2024
Metrics
9
Citations
88
References
Details
- Published
- Feb 25, 2023
- Vol/Issue
- 15(5)
- Pages
- 1163
- License
- View
Authors
Cite This Article
Agata Zaremba, Anna Gramza-Michalowska, Kunal Pal, et al. (2023). The Effect of a Vegan Diet on the Coverage of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Iodine among People from Poland. Nutrients, 15(5), 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051163
Related
You May Also Like
The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio: A Relevant Marker of Gut Dysbiosis in Obese Patients?
Fabien Magne, Martin Gotteland · 2020
1,958 citations
Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey
Achraf Ammar, Michael Brach · 2020
1,460 citations