Investigation on Anthrax in Bangladesh during the Outbreaks of 2011 and Definition of the Epidemiological Correlations

Domenico Galante; Viviana Manzulli; Luigina Serrecchia; Pietro Di Taranto; Martin Hugh-Jones; M. Jahangir Hossain; Valeria Rondinone; Dora Cipolletta; Lorenzo Pace; Michela Iatarola; Francesco Tolve; Angela Aceti; Elena Poppa; Antonio Fasanella

doi:10.3390/pathogens10040481

journal article Open Access Apr 15, 2021

Investigation on Anthrax in Bangladesh during the Outbreaks of 2011 and Definition of the Epidemiological Correlations

Domenico Galante Viviana Manzulli

Luigina Serrecchia Pietro Di Taranto

Martin Hugh-Jones M. Jahangir Hossain Valeria Rondinone

Dora Cipolletta Lorenzo Pace Michela Iatarola Francesco Tolve Angela Aceti Elena Poppa Antonio Fasanella

Pathogens Vol. 10 No. 4 pp. 481 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/pathogens10040481

Abstract

In 2011, in Bangladesh, 11 anthrax outbreaks occurred in six districts of the country. Different types of samples were collected from May to September in the six districts where anthrax had occurred in order to detect and type Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) strains. Anthrax was detected in 46.6% of the samples analysed, in particular in soils, but also in bone samples, water, animal feed, and rumen ingesta of dead animals. Canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (CanSNPs) analysis showed that all the isolates belonged to the major lineage A, sublineage A.Br.001/002 of China and Southeast Asia while the multi-locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) analysis (MLVA) with 15 VNTRs demonstrated the presence of five genotypes, of which two resulted to be new genotypes. The single nucleotide repeats (SNRs) analysis showed 13 SNR types; nevertheless, due to its higher discriminatory power, the presence of two isolates with different SNR-type polymorphisms was detected within two MLVA genotypes. This study assumes that soil is not the only reason for the spread of the disease in Bangladesh; contaminated feed and water can also play an important role in the epidemiology of anthrax. Possible explanations for these epidemiological relationships are discussed.

Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References

26

[1]

Biswas "Risk factors associated with anthrax in cattle on smallholdings" Epidemiol. Infect. (2012) 10.1017/s0950268811002408

[2]

Karahocagil "Cutaneous anthrax in Eastern Turkey: A review of 85 cases" Clin. Exp. Dermatol. (2008) 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02742.x

[3]

Stefos "Cutaneous infection caused by Bacillus anthracis in Larissa, Thessaly, Central Greece, July 2012" Euro Surveill. (2012) 10.2807/ese.17.32.20245-en

[4]

Lewerin "Anthrax outbreak in a Swedish beef cattle herd-1st case in 27 years: Case report" Acta Vet. Scand. (2010) 10.1186/1751-0147-52-7

[5]

Mongoh "Risk factors associated with anthrax outbreak in animals in North Dakota; 2005: A retrospective case-control study" Public Health Rep. (2008) 10.1177/003335490812300315

[6]

Durrheim "Epidemiologic questions from anthrax outbreak; Hunter Valley; Australia" Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2009) 10.3201/eid1505.081744

[7]

Wafula "Managing the 2004/05 anthrax outbreak in Queen Elizabeth and Lake Mburo National Parks, Uganda" Afr. J. Ecol. (2008) 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00796.x

[8]

Hugh "1996-97 Global Anthrax Report" J. Appl Microbiol. (1999) 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00867.x

[9]

Fasanella "Severe anthrax outbreaks in Italy in 2004: Considerations on factors involved in the spread of infection" New Microbiol. (2010)

[10]

Peculi "Genotyping of Bacillus anthracis strains circulating in Albania" J. Bioterror. Biodef. (2015)

[11]

Samadcd "Anthrax in man and cattle in Bangladesh" J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1986)

[12]

Ahmed "Anthrax: An emerging zoonotic disease in Bangladesh" BJMM (2010)

[13]

Bangladesh anthrax outbreaks are probably caused by contaminated livestock feed

A. Fasanella, G. GAROFOLO, M. J. Hossain et al.

Epidemiology and Infection 2013 10.1017/s0950268812001227

[14]

Hassan "Factors associated with repeated outbreak of anthrax in Bangladesh: Qualitative and quantitative study" J. Adv. Vet. Anim Res. (2015) 10.5455/javar.2015.b72

[15]

"Ecology of anthrax" Science (1971) 10.1126/science.172.3990.1303

[16]

"Anthrax and wildlife" Rev. Sci Tech. (2002) 10.20506/rst.21.2.1336

[17]

Ahsan "Investigation into Bacillus anthracis Spore in Soil and Analysis of Environmental Parameters Related to Repeated Anthrax Outbreak in Sirajganj, Bangladesh" Thai J. Vet. Med. (2013) 10.56808/2985-1130.2505

[18]

Mondal, S.P., and Yamage, M. (2014). A Retrospective Study on the Epidemiology of Anthrax; Foot and Mouth Disease; Haemorrhagic Septicaemia; Peste des Petits Ruminants and Rabies in Bangladesh, 2010–2012. PLoS ONE, 9. 10.1371/journal.pone.0104435

[19]

Icddr "Recurrent animal and human anthrax outbreaks in Bangladesh: Improved Vaccination strategies needed" Health Sci. Bull. (2011)

[20]

Van Ert, M.N., Easterday, W.R., Huynh, L.Y., Okinaka, R.T., Hugh-Jones, M.E., Ravel, J., Zanecki, S.R., Pearson, T., Simonson, T.S., and U’Ren, J.M. (2007). Global genetic population structure of Bacillus anthracis. PLoS ONE., 2. 10.1371/journal.pone.0000461

[21]

Rume, F.I., Affuso, A., Serrecchia, L., Rondinone, V., Manzulli, V., Campese, E., Di Taranto, P., Biswas, P.K., Ahsan, C.R., and Yasmin, M. (2016). Genotype Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Strains Circulating in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE., 11. 10.1371/journal.pone.0153548

[22]

Islam, M.S., Hossain, M.J., Mikolon, A., Parveen, S., Khan, M.S., Haider, N., Chakraborty, A., Titu, A.M., Rahman, M.W., and Sazzad, H.M. (2013). Risk practices for animal and human anthrax in Bangladesh: An exploratory study. Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol., 3. 10.3402/iee.v3i0.21356

[23]

Fasanella, A., Di Taranto, P., Garofolo, G., Colao, V., Marino, L., Buonavoglia, D., Pedarra, C., Adone, R., and Hugh-Jones, M. (2013). Ground Anthrax Bacillus Refined Isolation (GABRI) method for analyzing environmental samples with low levels of Bacillus anthracis contamination. BMC Microbiol., 13. 10.1186/1471-2180-13-167

[24]

Fasanella "Detection of anthrax vaccine virulence factors by polymerase chain reaction" Vaccine. (2001) 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00159-1

[25]

Garofolo, G., Ciammaruconi, A., Fasanella, A., Scasciamacchia, S., Adone, R., Pittiglio, V., and Lista, F. (2010). SNR analysis: Molecular investigation of an anthrax epidemic. BMC Vet. Res., 6. 10.1186/1746-6148-6-11

[26]

Kenefic "High resolution genotyping of Bacillus anthracis outbreak strains using four highly mutable single nucleotide repeat markers" Lett. Appl. Microbiol. (2008) 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02353.x

Metrics

7

Citations

26

References

Details

Published: Apr 15, 2021
Vol/Issue: 10(4)
Pages: 481
License: View

Authors

D

Domenico Galante

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

V

Viviana Manzulli

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

L

Luigina Serrecchia

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

P

Pietro Di Taranto

Servizio Igiene degli Allevamenti e delle Produzioni Zootecniche—Asl 02 Abruzzo Lanciano—Vasto-Chieti, 66054 Vasto, Italy

M

Martin Hugh-Jones

Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-5705, USA

M

M. Jahangir Hossain

International International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Programme on Infectious Diseases & Vaccine Sciences, Health System & Infectious Disease Division, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh; Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 273 Banjul, The Gambia

V

Valeria Rondinone

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

D

Dora Cipolletta

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

L

Lorenzo Pace

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

M

Michela Iatarola

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

F

Francesco Tolve

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

A

Angela Aceti

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

E

Elena Poppa

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

A

Antonio Fasanella

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Puglia and Basilicata, Anthrax Reference Institute of Italy, 71121 Foggia, Italy

Cite This Article

Domenico Galante, Viviana Manzulli, Luigina Serrecchia, et al. (2021). Investigation on Anthrax in Bangladesh during the Outbreaks of 2011 and Definition of the Epidemiological Correlations. Pathogens, 10(4), 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040481

Investigation on Anthrax in Bangladesh during the Outbreaks of 2011 and Definition of the Epidemiological Correlations

You May Also Like