Poxviral ANKR/F-box Proteins: Substrate Adapters for Ubiquitylation and More

Robert J. Ingham; Farynna Loubich Facundo; Jianing Dong

doi:10.3390/pathogens11080875

journal article Open Access Aug 03, 2022

Poxviral ANKR/F-box Proteins: Substrate Adapters for Ubiquitylation and More

Robert J. Ingham

Farynna Loubich Facundo Jianing Dong

Pathogens Vol. 11 No. 8 pp. 875 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/pathogens11080875

Abstract

Poxviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that infect insects and a variety of vertebrate species. The large genomes of poxviruses contain numerous genes that allow these viruses to successfully establish infection, including those that help evade the host immune response and prevent cell death. Ankyrin-repeat (ANKR)/F-box proteins are almost exclusively found in poxviruses, and they function as substrate adapters for Skp1-Cullin-1-F-box protein (SCF) multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin (Ub)-ligases. In this regard, they use their C-terminal F-box domain to bind Skp1, Cullin-1, and Roc1 to recruit cellular E2 enzymes to facilitate the ubiquitylation, and subsequent proteasomal degradation, of proteins bound to their N-terminal ANKRs. However, these proteins do not just function as substrate adapters as they also have Ub-independent activities. In this review, we examine both Ub-dependent and -independent activities of ANKR/F-box proteins and discuss how poxviruses use these proteins to counteract the host innate immune response, uncoat their genome, replicate, block cell death, and influence transcription. Finally, we consider important outstanding questions that need to be answered in order to better understand the function of this versatile protein family.

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Details

Published: Aug 03, 2022
Vol/Issue: 11(8)
Pages: 875
License: View

Authors

R

Robert J. Ingham

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

F

Farynna Loubich Facundo

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

J

Jianing Dong

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

Funding

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Award: MOP 77645

Canadian Institutes of Health Research Award: MOP 77645

Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology Award: MOP 77645

Cite This Article

Robert J. Ingham, Farynna Loubich Facundo, Jianing Dong (2022). Poxviral ANKR/F-box Proteins: Substrate Adapters for Ubiquitylation and More. Pathogens, 11(8), 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080875

Poxviral ANKR/F-box Proteins: Substrate Adapters for Ubiquitylation and More

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