Beyond Lipid-Lowering: Effects of Statins on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cancer

Yoichi Morofuji; Shinsuke Nakagawa; Kenta Ujifuku; Takashi Fujimoto; Kaishi Otsuka; Masami Niwa; Keisuke Tsutsumi

doi:10.3390/ph15020151

journal article Open Access Jan 26, 2022

Beyond Lipid-Lowering: Effects of Statins on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cancer

Yoichi Morofuji

Shinsuke Nakagawa

Kenta Ujifuku

Takashi Fujimoto Kaishi Otsuka Masami Niwa

Keisuke Tsutsumi

Pharmaceuticals Vol. 15 No. 2 pp. 151 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/ph15020151

Abstract

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are administered as first-line therapy for hypercholesterolemia, both as primary and secondary prevention. Besides the lipid-lowering effect, statins have been suggested to inhibit the development of cardiovascular disease through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vascular endothelial function-improving, plaque-stabilizing, and platelet aggregation-inhibiting effects. The preventive effect of statins on atherothrombotic stroke has been well established, but statins can influence other cerebrovascular diseases. This suggests that statins have many neuroprotective effects in addition to lowering cholesterol. Furthermore, research suggests that statins cause pro-apoptotic, growth-inhibitory, and pro-differentiation effects in various malignancies. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that statins inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in specific cancer cell types. The pleiotropic effects of statins on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have been well established; however, the effects of statins on cancer patients have not been fully elucidated and are still controversial. This review discusses the recent evidence on the effects of statins on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. Additionally, this study describes the pharmacological action of statins, focusing on the aspect of ‘beyond lipid-lowering’.

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Details

Published: Jan 26, 2022
Vol/Issue: 15(2)
Pages: 151
License: View

Authors

Y

Yoichi Morofuji

Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan

S

Shinsuke Nakagawa

Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan

K

Kenta Ujifuku

Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan

T

Takashi Fujimoto

Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98108, USA

K

Kaishi Otsuka

Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan

M

Masami Niwa

BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Company Ltd., Dai-ichi-senshu bldg. 2nd Floor, 6-19 Chitose-machi, Nagasaki 852-8135, Japan

K

Keisuke Tsutsumi

Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura 856-8562, Japan

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Award: JSPS and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences under the Japan-Hungary Research Cooperative Program

Fukuoka University Award: 211032

Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) Award: 19K09531

Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Fostering Joint International Research) Award: 20KK0254

Cite This Article

Yoichi Morofuji, Shinsuke Nakagawa, Kenta Ujifuku, et al. (2022). Beyond Lipid-Lowering: Effects of Statins on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cancer. Pharmaceuticals, 15(2), 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15020151

Beyond Lipid-Lowering: Effects of Statins on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cancer

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