Biological Activity of Horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.) Herb Grown in Poland and Its Phytochemical Composition

Monika Michalak; Małgorzata Stryjecka; Martyna Zagórska-Dziok; Paulina Żarnowiec

doi:10.3390/ph17060780

journal article Open Access Jun 14, 2024

Biological Activity of Horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.) Herb Grown in Poland and Its Phytochemical Composition

Monika Michalak

Małgorzata Stryjecka

Martyna Zagórska-Dziok Paulina Żarnowiec

Pharmaceuticals Vol. 17 No. 6 pp. 780 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/ph17060780

Abstract

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is a plant which has long been known and used in traditional medicine for various purposes. However, few recent studies have documented its chemical composition and biological properties. The present study investigated the phytochemical composition of horehound, as well as its protective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major components of horehound essential oil are E-caryophyllene (35.7%), germacrene D (25.2%), and bicyclogermacrene (10.6%). The biological activity of horehound hydroethanolic herb extract derives from multiple chemical compounds, including polyphenols (55.72 mg/mL), flavonoids (11.01 mg/mL), phenolic acids (4.33 mg/mL), and tannins (4.46 mg/mL). Chromatographic analyses of the extract identified 12 phenolic compounds, of which ferulic acid, catechin, quercetin, protocatechuic acid, rutin, and syringic acid (35.42, 24.69, 20.65, 18.70, 14.46, and 12.69 mg/mL, respectively) were the main constituents. Its DPPH radical scavenging ability was 68.29%, while its antioxidant properties, determined by the FRAP method, were at the level of 1.22 mmol/L. Moreover, M. vulgare extract decreased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species in the fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro, achieving the strongest antioxidant effect at a concentration of 2.5% in the case of both types of skin cells. Extracts from the horehound herb showed significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, confirming the plant’s potential in therapeutic applications against various microbial pathogens (gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi). The research results demonstrate the protective effect of horehound extract on the viability of both fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro. To sum up, M. vulgare, as a valuable natural material with high preventive and therapeutic effectiveness, is a potential candidate for new applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.

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Details

Published: Jun 14, 2024
Vol/Issue: 17(6)
Pages: 780
License: View

Authors

M

Monika Michalak

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19, 35-317 Kielce, Poland

M

Małgorzata Stryjecka

Institute of Agricultural Sciences, State School of Higher Education in Chełm, Pocztowa 54, 22-100 Chełm, Poland

M

Martyna Zagórska-Dziok

Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland

P

Paulina Żarnowiec

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland

Funding

Jan Kochanowski University Award: SUPB.RN.23.236

Cite This Article

Monika Michalak, Małgorzata Stryjecka, Martyna Zagórska-Dziok, et al. (2024). Biological Activity of Horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.) Herb Grown in Poland and Its Phytochemical Composition. Pharmaceuticals, 17(6), 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17060780

Biological Activity of Horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.) Herb Grown in Poland and Its Phytochemical Composition

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