Plus Factors and Agreement in Antitrust Law

William Kovacic; Robert Marshall; Leslie Marx; Halbert White

doi:10.36644/mlr.110.3.plus

journal article Dec 01, 2011

Plus Factors and Agreement in Antitrust Law

William Kovacic Robert Marshall Leslie Marx Halbert White

Michigan Law Review pp. 393 · University of Michigan Law Library

View at Publisher Save 10.36644/mlr.110.3.plus

Abstract

Plus factors are economic actions and outcomes, above and beyond parallel conduct by oligopolistic firms, that are largely inconsistent with unilateral conduct but largely consistent with explicitly coordinated action. Possible plus factors are typically enumerated without any attempt to distinguish them in terms of a meaningful economic categorization or in terms of their probative strength for inferring collusion. In this Article, we provide a taxonomy for plus factors as well as a methodology for ranking plus factors in terms of their strength for inferring explicit collusion, the strongest of which are referred to as "super plus factors."

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Published: Dec 01, 2011
Pages: 393

Authors

W

William Kovacic

George Washington University Law School

R

Robert Marshall

Pennsylvania State University

Duke University

University of California San Diego

Cite This Article

William Kovacic, Robert Marshall, Leslie Marx, et al. (2011). Plus Factors and Agreement in Antitrust Law. Michigan Law Review, 393. https://doi.org/10.36644/mlr.110.3.plus

Plus Factors and Agreement in Antitrust Law

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