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journal article Open Access Apr 01, 2026

Recent updates on amino acid requirements of pigs based on phenotypic improvements: invited review

Hyunjun Choi ORCID Jung Yeol Sung ORCID Jeonghyeon Son ORCID Sung Woo Kim ORCID
Animal Bioscience Vol. 39 No. 4 pp. 250891 · Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
View at Publisher Save 10.5713/ab.250891
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) requirements reported in previous literature, such as those of the National Research Council (NRC) published in 2012 based on pre-2010 data, do not adequately reflect the improved genetic potential of pigs and thus require updating. Accordingly, this review aimed to provide recent updates on the AA requirements of pigs based on the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) to net energy (NE) ratio (SID Lys:NE) and the ideal ratios of SID methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), tryptophan (Trp), valine (Val), and isoleucine (Ile) to SID Lys (SID AA:Lys), derived from meta-analyses for average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio. The optimal SID Lys:NE for ADG in this review are consistently greater than the ratios reported by the NRC across different phases, indicating that the improved genetic potential for lean growth requires greater optimal SID Lys:NE. The optimal SID Met:Lys, SID Trp:Lys, and SID Ile:Lys for ADG remain constant with increasing body weight (BW) of pigs, but the ratios are also greater than those reported by the NRC. However, the optimal SID Thr:Lys for ADG increases as BW of pigs increases, likely due to the increasing proportion of maintenance requirement relative to the total Thr requirement. The optimal SID Val:Lys for ADG is greater in the nursery phase than in the grower phases, suggesting that weaning-associated intestinal and immune challenges would increase requirement for Val. Both optimal SID Thr:Lys and SID Val:Lys are greater than the ratios reported by the NRC. In conclusion, these results suggest that the optimal SID Lys:NE and SID AA:Lys in pig diets are greater than the ratios reported by the NRC, and different ratios of SID Thr:Lys and SID Val:Lys should be applied for pigs with different BW.
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References
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Journal of Animal Science 10.2527/jas.2009-2724
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Details
Published
Apr 01, 2026
Vol/Issue
39(4)
Pages
250891
License
View
Authors
H
Hyunjun Choi

Department of Computational Biomedicine, Center for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education, Cedars Sinai Medical Center , West Hollywood, CA 90069, United States

J
Jung Yeol Sung
J
Jeonghyeon Son
S
Sung Woo Kim

Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA

Funding
North Carolina Agricultural Foundation
USDA-NIFA Hatch Fund
Cite This Article
Hyunjun Choi, Jung Yeol Sung, Jeonghyeon Son, et al. (2026). Recent updates on amino acid requirements of pigs based on phenotypic improvements: invited review. Animal Bioscience, 39(4), 250891. https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.250891
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