Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements

Chigozie E. Ofoedu; Jude O. Iwouno; Ebelechukwu O. Ofoedu; Chika C. Ogueke; Victory S. Igwe; Ijeoma M. Agunwah; Arinze F. Ofoedum; James S. Chacha; Onyinye P. Muobike; Adedoyin O. Agunbiade; Njideka E. Njoku; Angela A. Nwakaudu; Nkiru E. Odimegwu; Onyekachi E. Ndukauba; Chukwuka U. Ogbonna; Joncer Naibaho; Maciej Korus; Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala

doi:10.7717/peerj.11940

journal article Open Access Sep 01, 2021

Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements

Chigozie E. Ofoedu

Jude O. Iwouno Ebelechukwu O. Ofoedu Chika C. Ogueke

Victory S. Igwe Ijeoma M. Agunwah

Arinze F. Ofoedum James S. Chacha

Onyinye P. Muobike Adedoyin O. Agunbiade

Njideka E. Njoku Angela A. Nwakaudu Nkiru E. Odimegwu Onyekachi E. Ndukauba Chukwuka U. Ogbonna Joncer Naibaho

Maciej Korus Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala

PeerJ Vol. 9 pp. e11940 · PeerJ

View at Publisher Save 10.7717/peerj.11940

Abstract

The significant attention gained by food-sourced vitamins has provided insights into numerous current researches; for instance, the potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention, the balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population, the role of diet and food intake in age-related macular degeneration, and the association of dietary supplement use, nutrient intake and mortality among adults. As relevant literature about food-sourced vitamin increases, continuous synthesis is warranted. To supplement existing information, this perspective review discussed food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs, scoping from vitamin absorption, metabolic functions, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. Relevant literatures were identified through a search of databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, the Interscience Online Library, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. We demonstrated that vitamins whether from plant- and animal-based sources are prerequisites for the metabolic functions of the human body. The fat- and water-soluble classification of vitamins remains consistent with their respective absorption and dissolution potentials, underpinned by numerous physiological functions. Vitamins, largely absorbed in the small intestine, have their bioavailability dependent on the food composition, its associated interactions, as well as alignment with their metabolic functions, which involves antioxidants, coenzymes, electron acceptor/donor, and hormones. Moreover, vitamin deficiencies, in every form, pose a serious threat to human health. Vitamin toxicities remain rare, but can still occur mainly from supplementation, although it appears much less in water-soluble vitamins of which some excesses get readily removed by the human body, different from the fat-soluble ones that are stored in tissues and organs. Besides discussions of absorption, transport, and cellular uptake of vitamins, this perspective review also included approaches to meeting vitamin requirements and therapeutic strategies against micronutrient deficiency and COVID-19. We have also attempted on how to strike the balance between food-sourced vitamins and dietary supplements.

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Details

Published: Sep 01, 2021
Vol/Issue: 9
Pages: e11940
License: View

Authors

C

Chigozie E. Ofoedu

Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

J

Jude O. Iwouno