Spatial differentiation and association between ecosystem service value and landscape ecological risk index in Anning River dry valley

Hua Wu; Zelin Zhang; Jianwei Zhou; Xingwang Chen; Yuzhong Kong; Xiangyun Kong

doi:10.7717/peerj.20914

journal article Open Access Apr 06, 2026

Spatial differentiation and association between ecosystem service value and landscape ecological risk index in Anning River dry valley

Hua Wu

Zelin Zhang

Jianwei Zhou Xingwang Chen Yuzhong Kong Xiangyun Kong

PeerJ Vol. 14 pp. e20914 · PeerJ

View at Publisher Save 10.7717/peerj.20914

Abstract

To reveal the changes and future states of ecosystem service value (ESV) and landscape ecological risk index (LERI) in typical dry valley ecosystems in the 21st century, this study utilized high-precision land use data combined with ESV assessment, LERI assessment, bivariate spatial autocorrelation, Geodetector, CA-Markov model, and standard deviation ellipse methods. The spatio - temporal evolution, spatial associations and differentiation characteristics of ESV and LERI in the Anning River Basin from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed, and made predictions for 2030. The results indicated: (1) The ESV in the study area exhibited a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2030, with a cumulative reduction of 1.444 billion CNY, where forest land contributed over 78.46% of the total ESV. The basin presented a spatial pattern of lower ESV in the valley and higher in mountainous areas, dominated by high-value areas (accounting for approximately 41.54% of the total area). (2) LERI showed an overall declining trend during the study period, with a spatial pattern similar to ESV, characterized by low values in valleys and higher values in mountainous regions. The extremely low-risk areas were predominant (approximately 37.00%). (3) The spatial differentiation of ESV and LERI was jointly influenced by natural and economic factors, with agricultural production potential and annual evaporation identified as the dominant factors (
q
values of 0.18 and 0.28, respectively). The center of gravity of ESV distribution moved towards the northeast, whereas LERI shifted to the southeast. (4) ESV and LERI exhibited positive spatial correlations (Moran’s
I
> 0), with high ESV—low LERI as the main LISA cluster (approximately 20.92%). These findings highlight the necessity for adopting tailored ecological protection measures based on the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution characteristics of ESV and LERI to promote sustainable regional ecological development.

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Published: Apr 06, 2026
Vol/Issue: 14
Pages: e20914
License: View

Authors

H

Hua Wu

School of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa, China; Joint Laboratory of Plateau Surface Remote Sensing, Xizang University, Lhasa, China; School of Engineering, Xizang University, Lhasa, China

Z

Zelin Zhang

Joint Laboratory of Plateau Surface Remote Sensing, Xizang University, Lhasa, China; School of Engineering, Xizang University, Lhasa, China

J

Jianwei Zhou

School of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa, China; Joint Laboratory of Plateau Surface Remote Sensing, Xizang University, Lhasa, China

X

Xingwang Chen

Joint Laboratory of Plateau Surface Remote Sensing, Xizang University, Lhasa, China; School of Engineering, Xizang University, Lhasa, China

Y

Yuzhong Kong

Joint Laboratory of Plateau Surface Remote Sensing, Xizang University, Lhasa, China; School of Engineering, Xizang University, Lhasa, China

X

Xiangyun Kong

Joint Laboratory of Plateau Surface Remote Sensing, Xizang University, Lhasa, China; School of Engineering, Xizang University, Lhasa, China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Joint Fund Project Award: U23A2047

Centralized Guided Local Project Award: XZ202401YD0028

Bomi Geological Hazards Ministry of Education Field Scientific Observatory Research Station Construction Project

Centralized Support - Key Scientific Research Platform Construction - Bomi Geological Hazards Ministry of Education Field Observatory Research Station Construction Project

Cite This Article

Hua Wu, Zelin Zhang, Jianwei Zhou, et al. (2026). Spatial differentiation and association between ecosystem service value and landscape ecological risk index in Anning River dry valley. PeerJ, 14, e20914. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20914

Spatial differentiation and association between ecosystem service value and landscape ecological risk index in Anning River dry valley

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