Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
15
[1]
Filippi M, Bar-Or A, Piehl F, et al.. Multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018, 4:43. 10.1038/s41572-018-0041-4 10.1038/s41572-018-0041-4
[2]
Klineova S, Lublin FD. Clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018, 8:10.1101/cshperspect.a028928 10.1101/cshperspect.a028928
[3]
Talente B, Finseth LT, Blake N, et al.. Patient experiences with the impacts of multiple sclerosis & disease-modifying therapies. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2025, 17:199-215. 10.2147/CEOR.S489929 10.2147/ceor.s489929
[4]
Ghasemi N, Razavi S, Nikzad E. Multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnoses and cell-based therapy. Cell J. 2017, 19:1-10.
[5]
Zarnowska IM. Therapeutic use of the ketogenic diet in refractory epilepsy: what we know and what still needs to be learned. Nutrients. 2020, 12:10.3390/nu12092616 10.3390/nu12092616
[6]
Jang J, Kim SR, Lee JE, et al.. Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection by ketone bodies and ketogenic diet in cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2023, 25:10.3390/ijms25010124 10.3390/ijms25010124
[7]
Sun W, Wang Q, Zhang R, Zhang N. Ketogenic diet attenuates neuroinflammation and induces conversion of M1 microglia to M2 in an EAE model of multiple sclerosis by regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibiting HDAC3 and P2X7R activation. Food Funct. 2023, 14:7247-69. 10.1039/d3fo00122a 10.1039/d3fo00122a
[8]
Dyńka D, Kowalcze K, Paziewska A. The role of ketogenic diet in the treatment of neurological diseases. Nutrients. 2022, 14:10.3390/nu14235003 10.3390/nu14235003
[9]
Brenton JN, Lehner-Gulotta D, Woolbright E, et al.. Phase II study of ketogenic diets in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety, tolerability and potential clinical benefits. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022, 93:637-44. 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329074 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329074
[10]
Gómez-Melero S, Caballero-Villarraso J, Escribano BM, et al.. Impact of cognitive impairment on quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients—a comprehensive review. J Clin Med. 2024, 13:10.3390/jcm13113321 10.3390/jcm13113321
[11]
Wetmore E, Lehner-Gulotta D, Florenzo B, et al.. Ketogenic diet in relapsing multiple sclerosis: Patient perceptions, post-trial diet adherence & outcomes. Clin Nutr. 2023, 42:1427-35. 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.029 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.029
[12]
Swidsinski A, Dörffel Y, Loening-Baucke V, et al.. Reduced mass and diversity of the colonic microbiome in patients with multiple sclerosis and their improvement with ketogenic diet. Front Microbiol. 2017, 8:1141. 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01141 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01141
[13]
Bock M, Karber M, Kuhn H. Ketogenic diets attenuate cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase gene expression in multiple sclerosis. EBioMedicine. 2018, 36:293-303. 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.057 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.057
[14]
Benlloch M, López-Rodríguez MM, Cuerda-Ballester M, et al.. Satiating effect of a ketogenic diet and its impact on muscle improvement and oxidation state in multiple sclerosis patients. Nutrients. 2019, 11:10.3390/nu11051156 10.3390/nu11051156
[15]
Merlino G, Garbo R, Dal Bello S, et al.. Ketogenic diet may improve sleep quality and daytime somnolence in patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Results of an exploratory study. Sleep Med. 2023, 112:181-7. 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.10.016
Metrics
1
Citations
15
References
Details
Published
Aug 13, 2025
Cite This Article
Shradha P Kakde, Ahsan Qadeer, Mazhar Khalil, et al. (2025). Safety and Efficacy of Ketogenic Diet in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.89965
Related

You May Also Like

Artificial Hallucinations in ChatGPT: Implications in Scientific Writing

Hussam Alkaissi, Samy I McFarlane · 2023

803 citations

Role of Physical Activity on Mental Health and Well-Being: A Review

Aditya Mahindru, Pradeep Patil · 2023

311 citations

Epidemiology of Glaucoma: The Past, Present, and Predictions for the Future

Karen Allison, Deepkumar Patel · 2020

256 citations

Obesity: A Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Its Markers

Deepesh Khanna, Siya Khanna · 2022

195 citations