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journal article Open Access Aug 31, 2025

Comparison of Low‐Rank Denoising Methods for Dynamic Deuterium MRSI at 7 T

Anna Duguid Fabian Niess ORCID Wolfgang Bogner ORCID Lukas Hingerl ORCID Viola Bader ORCID Sabina Frese Aaron Osburg Bernard Lanz ORCID Brayan Alves Cristina Cudalbu ORCID Simon Daniel Robinson Korbinian Eckstein Bernhard Strasser ORCID
NMR in Biomedicine Vol. 38 No. 10 · Wiley
View at Publisher Save 10.1002/nbm.70125
Abstract
ABSTRACTDynamic deuterium (2H)‐MRSI enables mapping of metabolic fluxes in vivo, but its sensitivity is hampered by the low 2H gyromagnetic ratio and 2H‐labelled metabolite concentrations. Low‐rank denoising can enhance MRSI sensitivity by separating signal from noise. Several methods have been proposed, but the optimal approach for dynamic 2H‐MRSI remains unclear. This work compares six low‐rank denoising methods for dynamic 2H‐MRSI: four variations of spatiospectral partial separability (PS)—Global PS, Local PS, Stacked PS and SPectral and temporal INtegration for SVD (SPIN‐SVD)—as well as global–local higher order singular value decomposition (GL‐HOSVD) and tensor Marchenko–Pastur principal component analysis (tMPPCA). Performance was evaluated using realistic 2H‐MRSI brain simulations across a range of noise and B0 inhomogeneity levels, including a lesion model featuring focal metabolic alteration, and in vivo data. For simulations at the in vivo SNR and B0 level, the concentration root‐mean‐square errors (RMSE) of the fitted metabolite maps against gold standard maps were reduced by 29.3%, 24.4%, 20.2%, 33.4%, 23.5% and 21.9% following denoising with Global PS, Local PS, Stacked PS, SPIN‐SVD, GL‐HOSVD and tMPPCA, respectively. Across all simulated noise levels and all but the highest B0 inhomogeneity level, SPIN‐SVD achieved the lowest concentration RMSE and best preserved spatial distributions of 2H‐labelled water (HDO) and lactate (Lac), including lesion‐associated changes. While Global PS and Stacked PS reduced noise variance, they failed to preserve signal variations in simulated and in vivo data. SPIN‐SVD, GL‐HOSVD and tMPPCA reduced noise in vivo while maintaining spatial and temporal metabolite variations. GL‐HOSVD and tMPPCA performed similarly, with tMPPCA preferred for its computational efficiency. Both SPIN‐SVD and tMPPCA are suitable for denoising dynamic 2H‐MRSI, with SPIN‐SVD preferable for clinical applications owing to its simple implementation and superior preservation of local metabolic alterations, and tMPPCA better suited for absolute quantification of very low SNR metabolites.
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References
Details
Published
Aug 31, 2025
Vol/Issue
38(10)
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Authors
A
Anna Duguid

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

F
Fabian Niess

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

W
Wolfgang Bogner

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

L
Lukas Hingerl

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

V
Viola Bader

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

S
Sabina Frese

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

A
Aaron Osburg

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

B
Bernard Lanz

CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging Lausanne Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland

B
Brayan Alves

CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging Lausanne Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland

C
Cristina Cudalbu

CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging Lausanne Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland

S
Simon Daniel Robinson

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

K
Korbinian Eckstein

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for MR Imaging Biomarkers (BIOMAK), Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

B
Bernhard Strasser

High Field MR Center, Department for Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided Therapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Funding
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung Award: 201218
European Commission Award: ERCGLUCO‐SCAN101088351
Austrian Science Fund Award: WEAVE I 6037
Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft
Cite This Article
Anna Duguid, Fabian Niess, Wolfgang Bogner, et al. (2025). Comparison of Low‐Rank Denoising Methods for Dynamic Deuterium MRSI at 7 T. NMR in Biomedicine, 38(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.70125
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