Reinventing the leaf: multiple origins of leaf-like wings in katydids (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae)

Joseph Mugleston; Michael Naegle; Hojun Song; Seth M. Bybee; Spencer Ingley; Anton Suvorov; Michael F. Whiting

doi:10.1071/is15055

journal article Aug 31, 2016

Reinventing the leaf: multiple origins of leaf-like wings in katydids (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae)

Joseph Mugleston Michael Naegle Hojun Song

Seth M. Bybee Spencer Ingley Anton Suvorov Michael F. Whiting

Invertebrate Systematics Vol. 30 No. 4 pp. 335-352 · CSIRO Publishing

View at Publisher Save 10.1071/is15055

Abstract

Insects have developed incredible means to avoid detection by predators. At least five insect orders have species that resemble leaves. Katydids (Orthoptera : Tettigoniidae) are the most diverse and wide-ranging of the leaf-like insects. At least 14 of the 20 extant katydid subfamilies contain species with leaf-like wings. Although it is undisputed that many katydids resemble leaves, methods for delineating the leaf-like from non-leaf-like forms have varied by author and in many cases are not explicitly stated. We provide a simple ratio method that can be used to differentiate the leaf-like and non-leaf-like forms. Geometric morphometrics were used to validate the ratio method. Leaf-like wings have been independently derived in at least 15 katydid lineages. Relative rates of speciation were found to be greater in the non-leaf-like forms, suggesting that leaf-like wings within Tettigoniidae are not a driver of diversification. Likewise, throughout Tettigoniidae, selection seems to be favouring the transition away from leaf-like wings. However, within the large Phaneropterinae subclade, relative speciation and transition rates between the leaf-like and non-leaf-like forms do not differ significantly.

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Details

Published: Aug 31, 2016
Vol/Issue: 30(4)
Pages: 335-352
License: View

Authors

J

Joseph Mugleston

ADepartment of Biology and M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Science Building, Provo, UT 84602, USA.; CCorresponding author. Email: joseph.mugleston@gmail.com

M

Michael Naegle