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journal article May 15, 2001

Effects of sampling standardization on estimates of Phanerozoic marine diversification

J. Alroy C. R. Marshall R. K. Bambach K. Bezusko M. Foote F. T. Fürsich T. A. Hansen S. M. Holland L. C. Ivany D. Jablonski D. K. Jacobs D. C. Jones ORCID M. A. Kosnik S. Lidgard S. Low A. I. Miller P. M. Novack-Gottshall T. D. Olszewski M. E. Patzkowsky D. M. Raup K. Roy J. J. Sepkoski M. G. Sommers P. J. Wagner A. Webber
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 98 No. 11 pp. 6261-6266 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
View at Publisher Save 10.1073/pnas.111144698
Abstract
Global diversity curves reflect more than just the number of taxa
that have existed through time: they also mirror variation in the
nature of the fossil record and the way the record is reported. These
sampling effects are best quantified by assembling and analyzing large
numbers of locality-specific biotic inventories. Here, we introduce a
new database of this kind for the Phanerozoic fossil record of marine
invertebrates. We apply four substantially distinct analytical methods
that estimate taxonomic diversity by quantifying and correcting for
variation through time in the number and nature of inventories.
Variation introduced by the use of two dramatically different counting
protocols also is explored. We present sampling-standardized diversity
estimates for two long intervals that sum to 300 Myr (Middle
Ordovician-Carboniferous; Late Jurassic-Paleogene). Our new curves
differ considerably from traditional, synoptic curves. For example,
some of them imply unexpectedly low late Cretaceous and early Tertiary
diversity levels. However, such factors as the current emphasis in the
database on North America and Europe still obscure our view of the
global history of marine biodiversity. These limitations will be
addressed as the database and methods are refined.
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Metrics
438
Citations
52
References
Details
Published
May 15, 2001
Vol/Issue
98(11)
Pages
6261-6266
Authors
J
J. Alroy

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

C
C. R. Marshall

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

R
R. K. Bambach

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

K
K. Bezusko

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

M
M. Foote

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

F
F. T. Fürsich

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

T
T. A. Hansen

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

S
S. M. Holland

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

L
L. C. Ivany

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

D
D. Jablonski

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

D
D. K. Jacobs

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

D
D. C. Jones

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

M
M. A. Kosnik

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

S
S. Lidgard

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

S
S. Low

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

A
A. I. Miller

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

P
P. M. Novack-Gottshall

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

T
T. D. Olszewski

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

M
M. E. Patzkowsky

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

D
D. M. Raup

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

K
K. Roy

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

J
J. J. Sepkoski

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

M
M. G. Sommers

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

P
P. J. Wagner

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

A
A. Webber

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420; Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Institut für Paläontologie...

Cite This Article
J. Alroy, C. R. Marshall, R. K. Bambach, et al. (2001). Effects of sampling standardization on estimates of Phanerozoic marine diversification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(11), 6261-6266. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.111144698
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