Environmental risk assessment of non‐native salmonid escapes from net pens in the Chilean Patagonia

Doris Soto; Ivan Arismendi; J. Andres Olivos; Cristian B. Canales‐Aguirre; Jorge Leon‐Muñoz; Edwin J. Niklitschek; Maritza Sepúlveda; Felipe Paredes; Daniel Gomez‐Uchida; Yuri Soria‐Galvarro

doi:10.1111/raq.12711

journal article Open Access Jul 25, 2022

Environmental risk assessment of non‐native salmonid escapes from net pens in the Chilean Patagonia

Doris Soto

Ivan Arismendi

J. Andres Olivos Cristian B. Canales‐Aguirre Jorge Leon‐Muñoz Edwin J. Niklitschek Maritza Sepúlveda

Felipe Paredes Daniel Gomez‐Uchida

Yuri Soria‐Galvarro

Reviews in Aquaculture Vol. 15 No. 1 pp. 198-219 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1111/raq.12711

Abstract

AbstractHere, we review extensive information to estimate environmental risks from escaped non‐native salmonids based on the assessments of hazard, sensitivity and exposure of discrete water bodies in Chile. In 2020, the country harvested about 1 million tons salmonids from net pens located along 1500 km of highly biodiverse coastline. We base our analysis on existing scientific information and authors' expert opinions including an assessment of knowledge gaps and uncertainties. Risks of environmental impacts differed by salmon species, being lowest for Atlantic salmon due to its estimated lower survival, lower ability to feed after escaping and lower reproductive capacity in the wild compared to coho salmon and rainbow trout. Overall risks due to escapes of any of the species were highest in areas of both high farming intensity and low capacity of mitigating escapes (by wild predators and fishers) such as Aysén District. At same time, risk was higher in the most farmed areas that also presented suitable habitats to support reproduction and juvenile salmonid rearing. However, the risk estimation certainty differed among species being lowest for Atlantic salmon due to insufficient monitoring of their fate in the wild. Monitoring the fate and impacts of escaped salmonids, specially in higher risk areas is recommended to improve risk projections and to prevent and mitigate further impacts. Since Atlantic and coho salmon are not yet successful invaders in Chile, research attention is urgently needed to assess the environmental consequences of escapes of these species. The present approach can be applied to any aquaculture system given the availability of information on farmed species and receiving ecosystems.

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Details

Published: Jul 25, 2022
Vol/Issue: 15(1)
Pages: 198-219
License: View

Authors

D

Doris Soto

Centro Interdisciplinario para la Investigación Acuícola (INCAR) Concepción Chile

I

Ivan Arismendi

Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA

J

J. Andres Olivos

Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA

C

Cristian B. Canales‐Aguirre

Universidad de Los Lagos, Centro i~mar Puerto Montt Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Salmones Invasores (INVASAL) Concepción Chile

J

Jorge Leon‐Muñoz

Centro Interdisciplinario para la Investigación Acuícola (INCAR) Concepción Chile; Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción Concepción Chile

E

Edwin J. Niklitschek

Universidad de Los Lagos, Centro i~mar Puerto Montt Chile

M

Maritza Sepúlveda

Núcleo Milenio de Salmones Invasores (INVASAL) Concepción Chile; Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile

F

Felipe Paredes

Departamento de Áreas Protegidas Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Santiago Chile

D

Daniel Gomez‐Uchida

Núcleo Milenio de Salmones Invasores (INVASAL) Concepción Chile; Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile

Y

Yuri Soria‐Galvarro

Surasesorias environmental consulting Puerto Montt Chile

Cite This Article

Doris Soto, Ivan Arismendi, J. Andres Olivos, et al. (2022). Environmental risk assessment of non‐native salmonid escapes from net pens in the Chilean Patagonia. Reviews in Aquaculture, 15(1), 198-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12711

Environmental risk assessment of non‐native salmonid escapes from net pens in the Chilean Patagonia

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