Evaluation of Non‐Conventional Plant‐Based Feed Ingredients (
                    NPFIs
                    ) for a Sustainable Aquafeed Industry

Baki Aydın; Orhan Tufan Eroldoğan; Ebru Yilmaz; Md. Tawheed Hasan; Thavasimuthu Citarasu; Süleyman Akhan; Sebahattin Ergün; Lee Seong Wei; Zulhisyam Abdul Kari; Yasuhito Shimada; Takuro Shinkai; Hany M. R. Abdel‐Latif; Sevdan Yilmaz

doi:10.1111/raq.70127

journal article Feb 03, 2026

Evaluation of Non‐Conventional Plant‐Based Feed Ingredients ( NPFIs ) for a Sustainable Aquafeed Industry

Baki Aydın

Orhan Tufan Eroldoğan

Ebru Yilmaz

Md. Tawheed Hasan Thavasimuthu Citarasu Süleyman Akhan

Sebahattin Ergün Lee Seong Wei

Zulhisyam Abdul Kari

Yasuhito Shimada

Takuro Shinkai Hany M. R. Abdel‐Latif Sevdan Yilmaz

Reviews in Aquaculture Vol. 18 No. 2 · Wiley

View at Publisher Save 10.1111/raq.70127

Abstract

ABSTRACT
The development of aquafeed is indeed crucial for maintaining sustainability in aquaculture. Conventional plant‐based protein meals, such as soybean meal, canola meal, DDGS, cottonseed, corn meal, and their combinations have been extensively explored in aquafeed used in fed‐aquaculture systems. Nevertheless, endeavors and scholarly interest in incorporating non‐conventional plant‐based feed ingredients (NPFIs) with nutritional value into aquafeeds for sustainable aquaculture production remain ongoing. NPFIs that have yet to be fully explored and authorized might be considered as a novel source of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and functional biomolecules. There are a diverse number of NPFIs, such as seed meal, leaf meal, seed cake, kernel meal, by‐product meal, and fruit waste meal that exhibit considerable diversity in their nutritional profile, with the crude protein content varying from 2.4% to 76.4% and crude lipid levels ranging from 0.2% to 39.5%. Besides, the presence of various amounts of fatty acids, amino acids, and phytochemicals may positively enhance growth and feed efficiency and promote the overall health of aquatic species, making them considered as valuable aquafeed ingredients. This review, therefore, aims to comprehensively investigate and critically evaluate the utilization of NPFIs as novel feed ingredients for the growth, health, and welfare of farmed aquatic species. A Strengths‐Weaknesses‐Opportunities‐and‐Threats (SWOT) analysis has also been conducted to assess the feasibility of NPFIs for aquafeeds. As a result, this review indicates that the integration of NPFIs into aquafeeds as feedstuffs or feed additives offers great potential in the sustainable development of aquaculture production for all parties involved, particularly small‐scale producers.

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Published: Feb 03, 2026
Vol/Issue: 18(2)
License: View

Authors

B

Baki Aydın

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries Akdeniz University Antalya Türkiye

O

Orhan Tufan Eroldoğan

Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture Cukurova University Adana Türkiye; Aquaspin LLC Adana Türkiye

E

Ebru Yilmaz

Bozdoğan Vocational School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Aydın Türkiye

M

Md. Tawheed Hasan

Department of Aquaculture Sylhet Agricultural University Sylhet Bangladesh

T

Thavasimuthu Citarasu

Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST) Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Rajakkamangalam Tamilnadu India

S

Süleyman Akhan

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries Akdeniz University Antalya Türkiye

S

Sebahattin Ergün

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale Türkiye

L

Lee Seong Wei

Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro‐Based Industry Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Kelantan Malaysia; Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro‐Based Industry Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Kelantan Malaysia

Z

Zulhisyam Abdul Kari

Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro‐Based Industry Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Kelantan Malaysia; Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro‐Based Industry Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Kelantan Malaysia

Y

Yasuhito Shimada

Mie University Zebrafish Research Center, Mie University Tsu Mie Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan

T

Takuro Shinkai

Mie University Zebrafish Research Center, Mie University Tsu Mie Japan; National Museum of Ethnology Suita Osaka Japan; Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies Mie University Tsu Mie Japan

H

Hany M. R. Abdel‐Latif

Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

S

Sevdan Yilmaz

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale Türkiye

Cite This Article

Baki Aydın, Orhan Tufan Eroldoğan, Ebru Yilmaz, et al. (2026). Evaluation of Non‐Conventional Plant‐Based Feed Ingredients ( NPFIs ) for a Sustainable Aquafeed Industry. Reviews in Aquaculture, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70127

Evaluation of Non‐Conventional Plant‐Based Feed Ingredients ( NPFIs ) for a Sustainable Aquafeed Industry

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