Synthesis of Xanthan Gum Anchored α-Fe2O3 Bionanocomposite Material for Remediation of Pb (II) Contaminated Aquatic System

Fahad A. Alharthi; Riyadh H. Alshammari; Imran Hasan

doi:10.3390/polym15051134

journal article Open Access Feb 24, 2023

Synthesis of Xanthan Gum Anchored α-Fe2O3 Bionanocomposite Material for Remediation of Pb (II) Contaminated Aquatic System

Fahad A. Alharthi

Riyadh H. Alshammari

Imran Hasan

Polymers Vol. 15 No. 5 pp. 1134 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/polym15051134

Abstract

Increases in community and industrial activities have led to disturbances of the environmental balance and the contamination of water systems through the introduction of organic and inorganic pollutants. Among the various inorganic pollutants, Pb (II) is one of the heavy metals possessing non-biodegradable and the most toxic characteristics towards human health and the environment. The present study is focussed on the synthesis of efficient and eco-friendly adsorbent material that can remove Pb (II) from wastewater. A green functional nanocomposite material based on the immobilization of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with xanthan gum (XG) biopolymer has been synthesized in this study to be applied as an adsorbent (XGFO) for sequestration of Pb (II). Spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were adopted for characterizing the solid powder material. The synthesized material was found to be rich in key functional groups such as –COOH and –OH playing important roles in binding the adsorbate particles through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). Based on the preliminary results, adsorption experiments were conducted, and the data obtained were applied to four different adsorption isotherm models, viz the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich and D–R models. Based on the high values of R2 and low values of χ2, the Langmuir isotherm model was found to be the best model for simulation of data for Pb (II) adsorption by XGFO. The value of maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (Qm) was found to be 117.45 mg g−1 at 303 K, 126.23 mg g−1 at 313 K, 145.12 mg g−1 at 323 K and 191.27 mg g−1 at 323 K. The kinetics of the adsorption process of Pb (II) by XGFO was best defined by the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic aspect of the reaction suggested that the reaction is endothermic and spontaneous. The outcomes proved that XGFO can be utilized as an efficient adsorbent material for the treatment of contaminated wastewater.

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Details

Published: Feb 24, 2023
Vol/Issue: 15(5)
Pages: 1134
License: View

Authors

F

Fahad A. Alharthi

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

R

Riyadh H. Alshammari

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

I

Imran Hasan

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

Cite This Article

Fahad A. Alharthi, Riyadh H. Alshammari, Imran Hasan (2023). Synthesis of Xanthan Gum Anchored α-Fe2O3 Bionanocomposite Material for Remediation of Pb (II) Contaminated Aquatic System. Polymers, 15(5), 1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051134

Synthesis of Xanthan Gum Anchored α-Fe2O3 Bionanocomposite Material for Remediation of Pb (II) Contaminated Aquatic System

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