journal article Open Access Nov 27, 2024

Machining Eco-Friendly Jute Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using Specially Produced Cryo-Treated and Untreated Cutting Tools

Polymers Vol. 16 No. 23 pp. 3329 · MDPI AG
View at Publisher Save 10.3390/polym16233329
Abstract
In recent years, consumers have become increasingly interested in natural, biodegradable and eco-friendly composites. Eco-friendly composites manufactured using natural reinforcing filling materials stand out with properties such as cost effectiveness and easy accessibility. For these reasons, in this research, a composite workpiece was specially manufactured using eco-friendly jute fibers. Two cost-effective cutting tools were specially produced to ensure high-quality machining of this composite workpiece. One of these specially manufactured cutting tools was subjected to DC&T (deep cryogenic treatment and tempering) processes to improve its performance. At the end of the research, when the lowest and highest Fd (delamination factor) values obtained with DC&T-T1 and T1 cutting tools were compared, it was observed that 5.49% and 6.23% better results were obtained with the DC&T-T1 cutting tool, respectively. From the analysis of the S/N (signal-to-noise) ratios obtained using Fd values, it was found that the most appropriate machining parameters for the composite workpiece used in this investigation were the DC&T-T1 cutting tool, a 2000 rev/min spindle speed and a 100 mm/min feed rate. Through ANOVAs (analyses of variance), it was discovered that the most significant parameter having an impact on the Fd values was the spindle speed, with a rate of 53.01%. Considering the lowest and highest Ra (average surface roughness) values obtained using DC&T-T1 and T1 cutting tools, it was seen that 19.42% and 16.91% better results were obtained using the DC&T-T1 cutting tool, respectively. In the S/N ratio analysis results obtained using Ra values, it was revealed that the most appropriate machining parameters for the composite workpiece used in this investigation were the DC&T-T1 cutting tool, a 2000 rev/min spindle speed and a 100 mm/min feed rate. In the ANOVAs, it was revealed that the most significant parameter having an effect on the Ra values was the feed rate at 37.86%.
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
50
[1]
Veit, D. (2023). Fibers: History, Production, Properties, Market, Springer. 10.1007/978-3-031-15309-9
[2]
Thakur "Evaluation of drilling characteristics to explore the effect of graphene nanoplatelets on glass fiber reinforced polymer composite" Measurement (2023) 10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113233
[3]
Rangappa, S.M., Parameswaranpillai, J., Siengchin, S., Ozbakkaloglu, T., and Wang, H. (2022). Plant Fibers, Their Composites, and Applications, Elsevier.
[4]
Chandramohan "A review on natural fibers" Int. J. Res. Rev. Appl. Sci. (2011)
[5]
Pailoor "Effect of chopped/continuous fiber, coupling agent and fiber ratio on the mechanical properties of injection-molded jute/polypropylene composites" J. Nat. Fibers (2019) 10.1080/15440478.2017.1410510
[6]
Jabbar, A. (2017). Sustainable Jute-Based Composite Materials: Mechanical and Thermomechanical Behaviour, Springer. Springer Briefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. 10.1007/978-3-319-65457-7
[7]
Khashaba "A novel approach for characterization of delamination and burr areas in drilling FRP composites" Compos. Struct. (2022) 10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115534
[8]
Krishnaraj, V., Zitoune, R., and Davim, J.P. (2013). Drilling of Polymer-Matrix Composites, Springer. 10.1007/978-3-642-38345-8
[9]
Mahakur "Machining parametric study on the natural fiber reinforced composites: A review" Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci. (2022) 10.1177/09544062211063752
[10]
Ghazali, M.F., Abdullah, M.M.A.B., Abd Rahim, S.Z., Gondro, J., Pietrusiewicz, P., Garus, S., Stachowiak, T., Sandu, A.V., Mohd Tahir, M.F., and Korkmaz, M.E. (2021). Tool Wear and Surface Evaluation in Drilling Fly Ash Geopolymer Using HSS, HSS-Co, and HSS-TiN Cutting Tools. Materials, 14. 10.3390/ma14071628
[11]
Grzesik, W. (2017). Cutting Tool Materials. Advanced Machining Processes of Metallic Materials, Elsevier. 10.1016/b978-0-444-63711-6.00004-1
[12]
Podgornik "Deep cryogenic treatment of tool steels" J. Mater. Process. Technol. (2016) 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.09.045
[13]
Prakash "Experimental Study and Examination of Coated, Uncoated, and Cryogenically Treated HSS Cutting Tools" Res. Dev. Eng. Res. (2023)
[14]
Molinari "Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of tool steels" J. Mater. Process. Technol. (2001) 10.1016/s0924-0136(01)00973-6
[15]
Franco "Performance of cryogenically treated HSS tools" Wear (2006) 10.1016/j.wear.2006.01.017
[16]
Singh "Effect of cryogenic treatment on properties of materials: A review" Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part E J. Process Mech. Eng. (2022) 10.1177/09544089221090189
[17]
Akhbarizadeh "Effects of cryogenic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel" Mater. Des. (2009) 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.11.016
[18]
Senthilkumar "Influence of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on tribological behavior of En 19 steel" J. Iron Steel Res. Int. (2011) 10.1016/s1006-706x(12)60034-x
[19]
Sever "Impact of steel type, composition and heat treatment parameters on effectiveness of deep cryogenic treatment" J. Mater. Res. Technol. (2021) 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.022
[20]
Podgornik "Comparative study of conventional and deep cryogenic treatment of AISI M3: 2 (EN 1.3395) high-speed steel" J. Mater. Res. Technol. (2020) 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.09.071
[21]
Uygur "A review of cryogenic treatment on cutting tools" Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. (2015) 10.1007/s00170-014-6755-x
[22]
Firouzdor "Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on wear resistance and tool life of M2 HSS drill" J. Mater. Process. Technol. (2008) 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.12.072
[23]
Jenko "Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on surface chemistry and microstructure of selected high-speed steels" Appl. Surf. Sci. (2021) 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149257
[24]
Podgornik "Influence of heat treatment parameters on effectiveness of deep cryogenic treatment on properties of high-speed steels" Mater. Sci. Eng. A (2022) 10.1016/j.msea.2021.142157
[25]
Aamir "Recent advances in drilling of carbon fiber–reinforced polymers for aerospace applications: A review" Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. (2019) 10.1007/s00170-019-04348-z
[26]
Krishnaraj, V., Zitoune, R., and Davim, J.P. (2013). Numerical Prediction of the Critical Thrust Force Causing Delamination at the Hole Exit. Drilling of Polymer-Matrix Composites, Springer. Springer Briefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. 10.1007/978-3-642-38345-8_5
[27]
Khashaba "Drilling of polymer matrix composites: A review" J. Compos. Mater. (2013) 10.1177/0021998312451609
[28]
Gill "Machining performance of cryogenically treated AISI M2 high speed steel tools" J. Eng. Res. Stud. (2012)
[29]
Shirbhate "Effect of cryogenic treatment on cutting torque and surface finish in drilling operation with AISI M2 high speed steel" Int. J. Mech. Eng. Rob. Res. (2012)
[30]
Podgornik "Influence of deep-cryogenic treatment on tribological properties of P/M high-speed steel" Mater. Manuf. Process. (2009) 10.1080/10426910902809339
[31]
Taguchi, G. (1987). System of Experimental Design, Quality Resources, American Suppliers Institute.
[32]
Montgomery, D.C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley & Sons. [9th ed.].
[33]
Markopoulos, A.P., and Davim, J.P. (2017). Advanced Machining Processes: Innovative Modeling Techniques, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis. 10.1201/b21863
[34]
Babu "Assessment of delamination in composite materials: A review" Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B J. Eng. Manuf. (2016) 10.1177/0954405415619343
[35]
Geng "Delamination formation, evaluation and suppression during drilling of composite laminates: A review" Compos. Struct. (2019) 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.02.099
[36]
Giasin "Microstructural investigation and hole quality evaluation in S2/FM94 glass-fibre composites under dry and cryogenic conditions" J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. (2021) 10.1177/0731684420958479
[37]
Liu "A review of mechanical drilling for composite laminates" Compos. Struct. (2012) 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.11.024
[38]
Stone "A neural network thrust force controller to minimize delamination during drilling of graphite-epoxy laminates" Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. (1996) 10.1016/0890-6955(96)00013-2
[39]
Davim "Study of delamination in drilling carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) using design experiments" Compos. Struct. (2003) 10.1016/s0263-8223(02)00257-x
[40]
Chinnasamy "Effectiveness of cryogenic treatment on cutting tool inserts: A review" Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. (2022) 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.105946
[41]
Hamedi "Experimental study on drilling of jute fiber reinforced polymer composites" J. Compos. Mater. (2019) 10.1177/0021998318782376
[42]
Coesel, J. (1994). Drilling of Fibre-Metal Laminates, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering.
[43]
Yallew "A study about hole making in woven jute fabric-reinforced polymer composites" Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part L J. Mater. Des. Appl. (2016)
[44]
Belaadi "Effect of jute fiber length on drilling performance of biocomposites: Optimization comparison between RSM, ANN, and genetic algorithm" Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. (2023) 10.1007/s00170-022-10801-3
[45]
Elhadi "Assessment and analysis of drilling-induced damage in jute/palm date fiber-reinforced polyester hybrid composite" Biomass Convers. Biorefinery (2024)
[46]
Investigating the impact of drill material on hole quality in jute/palm fiber reinforced hybrid composite drilling with uncertainty analysis

Mohamed Slamani, Abdelmalek Elhadi, Salah Amroune et al.

Heliyon 2024 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36925
[47]
Elhadi "Precision drilling optimization in jute/palm fiber reinforced hybrid composites" Measurement (2024) 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.115066
[48]
Kurt "Application of Taguchi methods in the optimization of cutting parameters for surface finish and hole diameter accuracy in dry drilling processes" Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. (2009) 10.1007/s00170-007-1368-2
[49]
Krishnaiah, K., and Shahabudeen, P. (2012). Applied Design of Experiments and Taguchi Methods, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
[50]
Davim "Drilling fiber reinforced plastics (FRPs) manufactured by hand lay-up: Influence of matrix (Viapal VUP 9731 and ATLAC 382-05)" J. Mater. Process. Technol. (2004) 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.173
Cited By
92
Metrics
92
Citations
50
References
Details
Published
Nov 27, 2024
Vol/Issue
16(23)
Pages
3329
License
View
Cite This Article
Mehmet Şükrü Adin, Hamit Adin (2024). Machining Eco-Friendly Jute Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using Specially Produced Cryo-Treated and Untreated Cutting Tools. Polymers, 16(23), 3329. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233329
Related

You May Also Like

Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) as Biodegradable Controlled Drug Delivery Carrier

Hirenkumar K. Makadia, Steven J. Siegel · 2011

3,980 citations

Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications

Inmaculada Aranaz, Andrés R. Alcántara · 2021

1,433 citations

Thermoresponsive Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Mark A. Ward, Theoni K. Georgiou · 2011

1,048 citations