journal article
Open Access
Jan 04, 2021
Real-Time Control of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Abstract
Scientific and effective operation control of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRP) is crucial to ensure water conveyance safety. As the longest water transfer project in China, its operation is confronted with unprecedented difficulties since it is controlled by a large number of check gates and diversion gates, subject to multiple constraints, and has no online regulation reservoirs. No automatic control models have been successfully put into use yet. This paper firstly introduced an expanded downstream depth operation method, and then scheduled the delivery using the volume balance principle and chartography according to the possible combination of flow change of the check gate, water volume change of the pool and flow change of diversions. Next, an improved real-time control model was established on the basis of PI controller, and the models were integrated into an automatic system for daily operation. Finally, a case study was carried out. Results showed that water level variations could be controlled within the target interval (0.25 m), and users’ demands could be met five times more rapidly. In addition, the total times of check gate operation could be reduced almost two times. The findings could promote the intelligent operation of the MRP.
Topics
No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →
References
37
[1]
Shahdany "Improving Operation of a Main Irrigation Canal Suffering from Inflow Fluctuation within a Centralized Model Predictive Control System: Case Study of Roodasht Canal, Iran" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2016) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001087
[2]
Clemmens "Control of Irrigation Canal Networks" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (1989) 10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1989)115:1(96)
[3]
William "Central Arizona Project: Operations Model" J. Water. Res. Plan. Man. Div. (1980)
[4]
Corriga "A Constant-Volume Control Method for Open Channel Operation" Int. J. Model. Simul. (1982) 10.1080/02286203.1982.11759783
[5]
Cantoni "Control of Large-Scale Irrigation Networks" Proc. IEEE (2007) 10.1109/jproc.2006.887289
[6]
Wylie "Control of transient free-surface flow" J. Hydraul. Div. (1969) 10.1061/jyceaj.0001944
[7]
Bautista "Volume Compensation Method for Routing Irrigation Canal Demand Changes" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2005) 10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2005)131:6(494)
[8]
Belaud "Response Time of a Canal Pool for Scheduled Water Delivery" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2013) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000545
[9]
Cui "Anticipation time estimation for feedforward control of canal" J. Hydraul. Eng. (2009)
[10]
Liao, W., Guan, G., and Tian, X. (2019). Exploring Explicit Delay Time for Volume Compensation in Feedforward Control of Canal Systems. Water, 11.
10.3390/w11051080
[11]
Soler "GoRoSo: Feedforward Control Algorithm for Irrigation Canals Based on Sequential Quadratic Programming" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2013) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000507
[12]
Burt "Accelerated Irrigation Canal Flow Change Routing" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2018) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001307
[13]
Clemmens "Application of Software for Automatic Canal Management (SacMan) to the WM Lateral Canal" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2010) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000120
[14]
Burt "Improved Proportional-Integral (PI) Logic for Canal Automation" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (1998) 10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1998)124:1(53)
[15]
Litrico "Automatic Tuning of PI Controllers for an Irrigation Canal Pool" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2007) 10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2007)133:1(27)
[16]
Battle "Robust Fractional-Order PI Controller Implemented on a Laboratory Hydraulic Canal" J. Hydraul. Eng. (2009) 10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2009)135:4(271)
[17]
Montazar "Centralized Downstream PI Controllers for the West Canal of Aghili Irrigation District" J. Agric. Sci. Technol. (2012)
[18]
Cui "Canal controller for the largest water transfer project in china" Irrig. Drain. (2013) 10.1002/ird.1817
[19]
Huang "Simulation for PID Controller of Modified Integral and Differential on Tandem Canal System" J. Irrig. Drain. (2017)
[20]
Camacho, E.F., and Bordons, C. (2004). Model Predictive Control, Springer. [2nd ed.].
[21]
Zheng "Constrained Model Predictive Control Algorithm for Cascaded Irrigation Canals" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2019) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001390
[22]
Kong, L., Lei, X., Wang, H., Long, Y., Lu, L., and Yang, Q. (2019). A Model Predictive Water-Level Difference Control Method for Automatic Control of Irrigation Canals. Water, 11.
10.3390/w11040762
[23]
Ridao "Constrained Predictive Control of an Irrigation Canal" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2013) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000619
[24]
Kong, L., Quan, J., Yang, Q., Song, P., and Zhu, J. (2019). Automatic Control of the Middle Route Project for South-to-North Water Transfer Based on Linear Model Predictive Control Algorithm. Water, 11.
10.3390/w11091873
[25]
Astrom "Limitations on control system performance" Eur. J. Control (2000) 10.1016/s0947-3580(00)70906-x
[26]
Zhu, J., Lei, X., Quan, J., and Yue, X. (2019). Algae Growth Distribution and Key Prevention and Control Positions for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Water, 11.
10.3390/w11091851
[27]
Kattel, G., Shang, W., Wang, Z., and Langford, J. (2019). China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project Empowers Sustainable Water Resources System in the North. Sustain., 11.
10.3390/su11133735
[28]
Shang "Algorithm for Canal Gate Operation to Maintain Steady Water Levels Under Abrupt Water Withdrawal" Irrig. Drain. (2016) 10.1002/ird.1984
[29]
Guan "Applying Water-Level Difference Control to Central Arizona Project" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2011) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000351
[30]
Cao "Real-time control strategy for water conveyance of Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion in China" Adv. Water Sci. (2017)
[31]
Liu "Downstream Control of Multireach Canal Systems" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (1995) 10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1995)121:2(179)
[32]
Clemmens "Water-Level Difference Controller for Main Canals" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2012) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000367
[33]
Liu "Transition mode of long distance water delivery project before freezing in winter" J. Hydroinformatics (2012) 10.2166/hydro.2012.167
[34]
Galvis "Is It Better to Use Gate Opening as Control Variable than Discharge to Control Irrigation Canals?" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2015) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000798
[35]
Lozano "Field Calibration of Submerged Sluice Gates in Irrigation Canals" J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. (2009) 10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000085
[36]
Salah "Discharge estimation for submerged parallel radial gates" Flow. Meas. Instrum. (2016) 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2016.11.001
[37]
Lauria, A., Calomino, F., Alfonsi, G., and D’Ippolito, A. (2020). Discharge Coefficients for Sluice Gates Set in Weirs at Different Upstream Wall Inclinations. Water, 12.
10.3390/w12010245
Metrics
9
Citations
37
References
Details
- Published
- Jan 04, 2021
- Vol/Issue
- 13(1)
- Pages
- 97
- License
- View
Authors
Funding
Joint Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering and Tsinghua-Ningxia Yinchuan Joint Institute of Internet of Waters on Digital Water Governance
Award: sklhse-2019-low02
Cite This Article
Yongyan Wu, Liqun Li, Zihui Liu, et al. (2021). Real-Time Control of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Water, 13(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13010097
Related
You May Also Like
Review on Methylene Blue: Its Properties, Uses, Toxicity and Photodegradation
Idrees Khan, Khalid Saeed · 2022
1,295 citations
Flood Prediction Using Machine Learning Models: Literature Review
Amir Mosavi, Pinar Ozturk · 2018
1,063 citations
Various Natural and Anthropogenic Factors Responsible for Water Quality Degradation: A Review
Naseem Akhtar, Muhammad Izzuddin Syakir Ishak · 2021
1,031 citations
Atmospheric Rivers, Floods and the Water Resources of California
Michael D. Dettinger, Fred Martin Ralph · 2011
750 citations