journal article Open Access Jun 01, 2008

Concepts of neural nitric oxide‐mediated transmission

European Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 27 No. 11 pp. 2783-2802 · Wiley
View at Publisher Save 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06285.x
Abstract
AbstractAs a chemical transmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, nitric oxide (NO) is still thought a bit of an oddity, yet this role extends back to the beginnings of the evolution of the nervous system, predating many of the more familiar neurotransmitters. During the 20 years since it became known, evidence has accumulated for NO subserving an increasing number of functions in the mammalian central nervous system, as anticipated from the wide distribution of its synthetic and signal transduction machinery within it. This review attempts to probe beneath those functions and consider the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which NO evokes short‐ and long‐term modifications in neural performance. With any transmitter, understanding its receptors is vital for decoding the language of communication. The receptor proteins specialised to detect NO are coupled to cGMP formation and provide an astonishing degree of amplification of even brief, low amplitude NO signals. Emphasis is given to the diverse ways in which NO receptor activation initiates changes in neuronal excitability and synaptic strength by acting at pre‐ and/or postsynaptic locations. Signalling to non‐neuronal cells and an unexpected line of communication between endothelial cells and brain cells are also covered. Viewed from a mechanistic perspective, NO conforms to many of the rules governing more conventional neurotransmission, particularly of the metabotropic type, but stands out as being more economical and versatile, attributes that presumably account for its spectacular evolutionary success.
Topics

No keywords indexed for this article. Browse by subject →

References
343
[13]
Bartus K. "Blood vessels signalling to neurones through nitric oxide" Physiol. News (2007) 10.36866/pn.67.25
[36]
Burette A. "Synaptic localization of nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase in the hippocampus" J. Neurosci. (2002) 10.1523/jneurosci.22-20-08961.2002
[40]
Centonze D. "Stimulation of nitric oxide‐cGMP pathway excites striatal cholinergic interneurons via protein kinase G activation" J. Neurosci. (2001) 10.1523/jneurosci.21-04-01393.2001

Showing 50 of 343 references

Cited By
675
Neurophysiologic implications of neuronal nitric oxide synthase

Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami, Nasrin Hosseini · 2020

Reviews in the Neurosciences
Journal of Critical Care
European Journal of Neuroscience
British Journal of Pharmacology
International Journal of Molecular...
Endocrine Reviews
Frontiers in Immunology
Expert Opinion on Investigational D...
Metrics
675
Citations
343
References
Details
Published
Jun 01, 2008
Vol/Issue
27(11)
Pages
2783-2802
License
View
Cite This Article
John Garthwaite (2008). Concepts of neural nitric oxide‐mediated transmission. European Journal of Neuroscience, 27(11), 2783-2802. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06285.x