Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment

Ava J. Boutilier; Sherine F. Elsawa

doi:10.3390/ijms22136995

journal article Open Access Jun 29, 2021

Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment

Ava J. Boutilier

Sherine F. Elsawa

International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22 No. 13 pp. 6995 · MDPI AG

View at Publisher Save 10.3390/ijms22136995

Abstract

The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic outcomes in cancer through angiogenic and lymphangiogenic regulation, immune suppression, hypoxia induction, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence macrophage recruitment and polarization, giving way to these pro-tumorigenic outcomes. Investigating TME-induced macrophage polarization is critical for further understanding of TAM-related pro-tumor outcomes and potential development of new therapeutic approaches. This review explores the current understanding of TME-induced macrophage polarization and the role of M2-polarized macrophages in promoting tumor progression.

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Metrics

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Citations

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References

Details

Published: Jun 29, 2021
Vol/Issue: 22(13)
Pages: 6995
License: View

Authors

A

Ava J. Boutilier

Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA

S

Sherine F. Elsawa

Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA

Funding

National Institutes of Health Award: P20 GM113131

Cite This Article

Ava J. Boutilier, Sherine F. Elsawa (2021). Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(13), 6995. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136995

Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment

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